At the moment of worldwide lockdown with the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), older adult life bangs up with lots of changes such as stagnation in life, abuses, or violence (e.g., physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect). Older adults are feeling and experiencing more deprivation of social connectedness in a self-isolating environment. When there is a need for solidarity worldwide, COVID-19 is escalating stigmatization and discrimination against older adult populations. For this reason, we are particularly interested/accentuated more on the isolation life and loneliness lifestyles of older adults residing inside the four walls of their houses. In addition, emphasis is also given on different approaches of 4 R's such as reinoculate, remove, restore, and resilience for minimization of impact of COVID-19 among older adults. However, the cultural differences and societal values also played a major role in minimization of mental health challenges and illnesses during lockdown in Western and Eastern societies. The “We-ness” of collectivistic culture of Eastern societies brings more “Wellness” for older adult mental health. On the other hand, the “I-ness” of individualistic culture of Western societies brings only “Illness” for the older adult population. Still, many countries are facing a second or third wave of COVID-19, which are worsening the situation more for the older adult population. With aging and social isolation in pandemic, older adults’ well-being can be restored by developing healthy habits, involvement in religious activities, adopting natural healing techniques, and positive thinking toward the life.
This chapter explores the progressive development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) before and during the establishment of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM). In addition, this chapter also tried to investigate the evolution of natural medicines or therapies of PTSD. Findings of the researches showed that significant historical events like wars were the major reasons behind getting recognition of PTSD among worldwide societies. It has a long history as well as existed in different forms and names among human beings. It takes a long time to get the identity, position, and recognition across the different editions of DSM. With the addition of PTSD under trauma and stressor related disorder in the 5th edition of DSM, a large number of PTSD cases were identified and produced as compared to the previous editions of DSM. Moreover, holistic treatment and complementary and alternative medicine approaches were more effective treatment for PTSD and help to nullify the symptoms of PTSD. Ayurveda, meditation, yoga, animals, forest bathing, and ocean therapies were used more for dealing with combat veterans suffering from PTSD.
In terms of technological advantages, virtual reality or augmented reality remains less popular within the field of learning disabilities. Research shows that children with learning disabilities face various challenges in their day-to-day lives dealing with these disorders, demanding massive solutions. This chapter will address the pros and cons of virtual reality in learning disabilities across different age groups by combining theories of virtual worlds and learning disorders. Exciting research in virtual reality focuses on finding out how psychotherapies have benefits in learning and education. Upon review, it becomes evident that research in the virtual world along with learning disabilities has not yet been examined from a cohesive perspective, illustrating a lack of alliance that determines a more global understanding of the technological advantages of disabilities. Thus, this chapter aims to provide educators with an overview of explanations of the virtual world and to ensure appropriate development of VR/AR applications and special assistance for learning disabilities.
Currently, all of us are experiencing the unforeseen circumstances of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that have developed a spectrum of effects, which can be best understood in terms of psychological, physical, and immunity problems among people. For this reason, we are particularly interested in the role of mental health in strengthening the immune system in times of COVID-19. What protective factors help maintain and support the good mental health and well-being of any person who faces extreme pandemic-like situations? The Pandemic has had significant and variable impacts on people’s mental health and immunity system. Every family who faces the Pandemic directly or indirectly experiences partial or no control over their thinking, emotions, actions, and coping related to COVID-19 and deaths. To achieve good mental health and a strong immunity system, maintaining the homeostasis of mind and body, engagement in close connections, and social support, using low-stressor techniques, nearness to the environment, practicing Yoga and meditation, infusing positivity, and following healthy lifestyles are necessary for people. In addition, there is an emphasis placed on various approaches to the 4 M’s, which include mental health, mental immunity, mindset, and stressor, to jettison all mental health tangles and minimize the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Thus, mental health and immunity can be restored by controlling the overwhelming thoughts, emotions, and actions of COVID-19 through the inculcation of life-savior techniques and the 4 M’s as a part of daily life.
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