Background Pneumonia is one of the main causes of death in children in developing countries. It is important to identify clinical signs, demographic factors, and laboratory data which can be used to predict children who have higher risk of mortality from pneumonia.Objective To find the clinical signs, demographic factors and laboratory data that can be used as predictors of mortality from pneumonia.Methods T his historical casecontrol study was carried out in Sardjito Hospital between January 2004 and December 2006. Data were obtained from medical records. Differential proportion between groups was analyzed with chi square. Regression analysis was used to identify clinical factors, demographic factors and laboratory factors that associated with mortality from pneumonia.Results Fiftyeight patients were enrolled in this study, 29 patients were dead (case group) and 29 patients were cured (control group). Baseline data between the two groups were similar in terms of gender and mean of age. Bivariate analyses show that the predictors of mortality in children with pneumonia were: age < 1 year (OR3.11, 95% CI 1.06 to 9.08), malnutrition (OR 7.30,95% CI 1.62- to 21.03), age of the mother < 20 years (OR 2.21,95%CI 1.64 to 2.97),t achycardia (OR 6.075,95% CI 1.18 to 31.24), and anemia (OR 5 .83, 95% CI 1.88 to 18.10). Logistic regression analysis shows that tachycardia (OR 6.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 36.17) and anemia (OR 4.41,95% CI 1.25 to 15.51) were predictor of mortality in children 'With pneumonia.Conclusions Tachycardia and anemia play as independent mortality predictors of pneumonia in children.
Latar belakang. Kasus Coronavirus disease 2019 Covid-19 pada anak di Indonesia cukup tinggi dengan angka kematian yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan data negara-negara di asia bahkan di dunia. Manifestasi klinis pada anak dengan Covid-19 dapat meliputi manifestasi sistemik di luar gejala respirasi dengan data yang masih terbatas, serta penemuan laboratorium yang masih kurang untuk mengarahkan pada kasus kecurigaan Covid-19. Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran klinis dan laboratorium pada anak dengan Covid-19 terkonfirmasiMetode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien anak terkonfirmasi Covid-19 di RSUD dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin periode Mei – Oktober 2020. Kriteria inklusi yaitu anak usia 0-18 tahun dengan PCR nasofaring positif. Seluruh populasi diambil menjadi sampel penelitian. Hasil. Didapatkan 17 anak dengan usia rata-rata 9,3 tahun, perbandingan perempuan dan laki-laki adalah 1,1 : 1, riwayat kontak dengan pasien terkonfirmasi ada 7 (41,2%) dan tidak diketahui 10 (58,8%) anak. Manifestasi klinis yang didapat adalah demam (t >37,50C ) 9 anak (52,94%), batuk 5 anak (29,4%), diare 4 anak (23,5%), sesak napas (takipnue) dan pilek 3 anak (17,6%). Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan NLR >2,4.103/uL pada 13 anak (76,5%) dan leukositosis 2 anak (11,8%).Kesimpulan. Manifestasi klinis dan nilai laboratorium terbanyak pada anak dengan Covid-19 terkonfirmasi adalah demam (>37,50C) dan peningkatan NLR >2,4.103/uL.
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