2006). The tumors disappeared, presumably because they were attacked by the improved immune system. Seeing that the results were positive, his approach caught on. In recent years, the most prominent immunomodulatory strategy has been using chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy, which has had striking complete remission (CR) rates as high as 90% in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Unfortunately, CAR-T cells have some significant limitations. One of the major hardships with the generation of an autologous CAR-T cell product is that it is derived from each patient individually, making it too difficult to scale for widespread clinical use. In fact, it takes a minimum of two to three weeks to manufacture CAR-T cells (Hay and Turtle, 2017). Therefore, for a patient in critical condition with a rapidly advancing disease, treatment with CAR-T cells would be impractical. Additionally, it is difficult to collect the required quantity of lymphocytes from patients to generate CAR-T cells. And, in the case of allogenic T cells, which are transported from a donor, they can cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (Liu et al., 2017).The newly discovered CAR NK cells are perhaps more promising than the CAR-T cells. NK cells are cytotoxic, or cell-killing, and kill their targets in a non-specific manner. This means NK cells don't have to recognize a specific antigen on viral-infected cells or cancer cells (Farag and Caligiuri, 2006: Locatelli et al., 2014). Consequently, this enhances their immunosurveillance. The NK cells decide whether to kill cells based on signals from activating and inhibitory receptors on the NK cell surface. While activating receptors 'switch on' the NK cell when recognizing cell-surface molecules expressed on cancer cells, inhibitory receptors 'switch off' the NK cell and prevent it from killing cells pos-
Introduction: Fatigue is a highly prevalent condition among cancer patients. Although most cancer patients report that fatigue is a major obstacle to maintaining normal daily activities and quality of life, it is seldom assessed and treated in clinical practice. Few studies have explored its epidemiology, possible etiologies, or management. Cancer-related fatigue, which recently was accepted as a diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision-Clinical Modification, reduces physical, psychological, and social functioning and results in significant distress for patients and caregivers. Adequate evaluation of fatigue must do more than simply assess severity. Although additional research is needed to further identify the causes and corresponding treatment of fatigue, practitioners should routinely assess and treat patients who may benefit from currently identified interventions, because fatigue can profoundly undermine the quality of life of patients with cancer. The purpose of the study was to measure the physiotherapist's awareness and perception about the Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF). Methods: One hundred (21UG & 79 PG qualified) Physiotherapist from all over Karnataka are randomly selected and interviewed by open ended questionnaire method contains ten questions which explains the prevalence, cause and functional assessment of cancer patients.Results: The results shows that fifty five percentage of physiotherapist had no idea about the functional outcome measures of cancer related fatigue. Eighty percentage of physiotherapist had sound knowledge about the cause and related cause of CRF. But sixty eight percentage of physiotherapist were not agreed CRF as a diagnosis.Conclusion: Even though Physiotherapist had sound knowledge about the cause and related cause of CRF, the awareness of functional outcome of Cancer Related Fatigue need to be improved.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.