The simultaneous intracellular delivery of multiple types of payloads, such as hydrophobic drugs and nucleic acids, typically requires complex carrier systems. Herein, we demonstrate a self-deliverable form of nucleic acid-drug nanostructure that is composed almost entirely of payload molecules. Upon light activation, the nanostructure sheds the nucleic acid shell, while the core, which consists of prodrug molecules, disintegrates via an irreversible self-immolative process, releasing free drug molecules and small molecule fragments. We demonstrate that the nanostructures exhibit enhanced stability against DNase I compared with free DNA, and that the model drug (camptothecin) released exhibits similar efficacy as free, unmodified drugs toward cancer cells.

Lipomas are rare in oral and maxillofacial regions although they are the most common tumours of mesenchymal origin in human body. The etiology remains unclear. Various different theories explain the pathogenesis of this adipose tissue tumour and also different histological variants of oral lipoma have been given in literature. A case of intraoral lipoma occurring in mental region in a 77-year-old male is reported along with review of the literature. Wide surgical excision was performed and two-year followup showed excellent healing without any recurrence. Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasm of mature adipose tissue seen as a common entity in the head and neck region. Intraoral lipomas are a rare entity which may be noticed only during routine dental examinations. Most of them rarely cause pain, resulting in delay to seek treatment. It is mandatory for a clinician to diagnose intraoral lipomas using latest diagnostic methods and conservatively treat them without causing much discomfort.

Background The principles of global surgery should be taught as a part of the core curriculum in medical schools. The need for medical students to be familiar with the topic is increasing in acceptance. There is, however, a paucity of data on how medical students are exposed to global surgery. This study aims to evaluate exposure of medical students to global surgery, awareness of the key messages of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, global surgery career aspirations and barriers to said aspirations. Methods ISOMERS was a multi-centre, online, cross-sectional survey of final year medical students globally. The questionnaire utilised a combination of Likert-scale, multiple-choice, and free text questions. Results In this study, 1593 final year medical students from 144 medical schools in 20 countries participated. The majority (n = 869/1496, 58.1%) believed global surgery to be relevant, despite 17.7% (n = 271/1535) having any exposure to global surgery. Most participants (n = 1187/1476, 80.4%) wanted additional resources on global surgery. Difficulty in providing appropriate care for patients living abroad (n = 854/1242, 68.8%) was the most common perceived barrier to a career in global surgery. Conclusions Participants believed global surgery was a relevant topic for medical students and wanted additional resources that they could access on global surgery. It is critical for medical students to become aware that global surgery is a field that aims to address inequity in surgical care not just internationally, but nationally and locally as well.

We use the data from World Bank Global Findex for the year 2011 , 2014 and 2017 to understand financial inclusion in India, at the same time we compare India's situation with the other BRICS nations. We fathom the fact that financial inclusion is definitely the way forward for an economy to achieve inclusive growth. Financial inclusion is just not an economic concept rather it is termed as a socio-economic concept, as it helps people have a security for future life through access to education and health facility, a secure future and better standard of living. In India we see the barriers to inclusion are predominately caused by voluntary exclusion, and though policies will help to reach out but the ultimate goal of financial inclusion could be only achieved through improving awareness and financial literacy in India. Thus financial inclusion should be backed by financial literacy to get the best results.

This paper empirically studies the impact of energy consumption, financial development, and trade openness on India's carbon emission for 1971 to 2014 and validates the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for India. The Autoregressive Distributed‐lagged model (ARDL) bound test is used to test the existence of cointegration among the key variables. The results exhibit a U‐shaped relationship between carbon emission and energy consumption in the long run. Through this study, we find out the maximum threshold value of energy consumption per capita to 757 kg of oil equivalent, which is above the current consumptions levels—indicating a rise in carbon emission shortly. Further, the long‐run results show that a 1% increase in trade openness will decrease carbon emission by 0.11%, which is a display of technological effect over scale effect and composition effect. Financial development does not exhibit a significant relation to carbon emission. The results are in line with the literature on climate change in emerging countries. This empirical work gives some insight into policy issues that have to be looked into further.

JEL Classification: H10; H26This study was undertaken to understand the importance of the shadow economy, which is often misunderstood and misquoted. We come to an understanding of why this is an uproar regarding black money generation in India. This paper is an attempt to bring forward past evidences and current situation to understand the system through discussing various points of views in the literature. The paper concludes with bringing out the difference in black wealth and black money and the impact of both on the economy and answers the question-Is black money really bad for the economy? It is a hope that these results will be useful to policymakers and stakeholder to make policies that cater to all.

Several approaches to the intraorbital space have been described in the literature. Selection of a proper approach to intraorbital lesions depends on various factors including the location of the tumor, the size of the lesion, and the probable pathology anticipated. The approach should provide a good exposure of intraorbital anatomical structures, allow their functional preservation, and provide good cosmetic results. Intraconal lesions of the orbit usually necessitate transcranial approaches although some intraconal and laterally situated lesions could be removed effectively via lateral orbitotomy. Lateral orbitotomy is a well-known approach for lesions of the lateral orbital cone. In this case report, the lateral orbital approach has been used for exposure of intraorbital lesion, as it is minimally invasive compared to the transcranial approach.

In this clinical paper, we describe our surgical technique and also the key points from surgeons experience to ensure a better result.