Stem cell therapies are being explored as potential treatments for retinal disease. How to replace neurons in a degenerated retina presents a continued challenge for the regenerative medicine field that, if achieved, could restore sight. The major issues are: (i) the source and availability of donor cells for transplantation; (ii) the differentiation of stem cells into the required retinal cells; and (iii) the delivery, integration, functionality, and survival of new cells in the host neural network. This review considers the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), currently under intense investigation, as a platform for cell transplantation therapy. Moreover, patientspecific iPSC are being developed for autologous cell transplantation and as a tool for modeling specific retinal diseases, testing gene therapies, and drug screening.

Background: Mechanical Neck Pain is very common condition in general population. It still constitutes a major burden on patients in terms of pain, disability, loss of income, and on society in terms of healthcare costs and time of work. A wide variety of treatment protocols for mechanical neck pain are available, however, the most effective management remains an area of debate.Objective: Aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness ofMuscle Energy Technique and Mulligan SNAGS on pain, functional disability and active cervical range of motion for individuals with mechanical neck pain.Methodology: 40subjectsaccording to inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided in to two groups for the study, Muscle Energy Technique plus conventional therapy and Mulligan SNAGS plus conventional therapy. Results: The results were analyzed by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test (Intra-group Comparison) and unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test (Inter-group Comparison) comparing Muscle Energy Technique andMulligan SNAGS groups for post-treatment effects. Both the groups showed equal effectiveness regarding to VAS, NDI and Cervical ROM. Conclusion:Muscle energy Technique and Mulligan SNAGS can be used as alternate treatment along with conventional therapy for mechanical neck pain.

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