Introduction Because lifetime trauma exposure has been linked to multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes, there is a need for all perinatal care providers to be versed in trauma‐informed care practices. However, there are few data to guide trauma‐informed practice during the perinatal period. The objective of this study was to refine ongoing development of a trauma‐informed care framework for perinatal care by conducting a qualitative study of all trauma experiences and preferred screening practices of pregnant patients at an urban prenatal clinic. Methods In this qualitative study, we conducted semistructured interviews with 30 women receiving prenatal care at an urban clinic. Participants also completed a trauma history questionnaire. Inductive coding was used to generate themes and subthemes. Results Participants described multiple lifetime traumatic exposures as well as background exposure to community violence. Not all participants desired routine trauma screening; factors limiting disclosure included fear of retraumatization and belief that prior trauma is unrelated to the current pregnancy. Strong therapeutic relationships were identified as critical to any trauma history discussion. Discussion This study supports a trauma‐informed care approach to caring for pregnant women with prior traumatic exposures, including trauma screening without retraumatization and trusting patient‐provider relationships.

Obstetricians have limited knowledge and experience and hold very negative attitudes about planned home birth. Research is necessary to determine: 1) whether negative obstetrician attitudes would be modified by exposure to home birth education and experience, and, 2) whether negative obstetrician beliefs deter safe and timely transfer from home or compromise hospital care for transferred parturients.

An institutional DCC protocol for deliveries <34 weeks was not associated with an identifiable increase in adverse maternal outcomes.

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Among women receiving IV sedation without tracheal intubation for surgical abortion, anesthesia complications are rare and may not be greater for obese women or procedures at gestational age ≥17 weeks. IV sedation without tracheal intubation may be considered for women undergoing first- and second-trimester surgical abortion; however, the rarity of anesthesia-related complications in our cohort precludes a definitive conclusion regarding the overall safety of IV sedation without tracheal intubation.

Recreational cycling is sort of sport that requires a decent level of endurance, and cyclists’ riding is determined by several physical abilities, in which muscular strength in upper limb is equally important as the lower limbs. While riding a bicycle, the hand grip turns out to be especially crucial not just for performance and the ability to remain upright in difficult situations and uneven surfaces but also for even moderate endurance and comfort of the rider A total of 60 recreational cyclists, 25-35 years old were included in the study. Grip strength of dominant and non-dominant hand was checked with Jamar hand held dynamometer pre cycling and was checked again after the 20km ride. Normality was checked and Dominant hand data passed the normality test thus, paired t-test was used to determine significance for (p<0.05). For Non-dominant hand readings didn’t support normality to the optimal level (p>0.05) hence non-parametric Wilcoxon signed test was used to determine significance as the samples were dependent. Mann-Whitney test was used to determine significance in Dominant and Non-Dominant hand pre cycling activity as well as comparison of Dominant and Non-Dominant hand post cycling activity, as data was not normally distributed and the samples were independent. (p>0.05). Results showed that there is significant difference in dominant as well as non-dominant hand pre and post riding activity with post cycling grip strength being reduced in both Dominant and Non-Dominant hand than the pre-cycling grip strength. Also, Dominant hand grip strength was more than the non-Dominant hand in both pre and post cycling. Key words: Recreational cyclists, Grip strength, dominant and non-dominant hand, Jamar hand held dynamometer.

Background: Swimming can be defined as an activity in which a person practices a regulated Olympic sport in order to move as fast as possible through the water due to the propulsive forces generated by arm, leg, and body movements overcoming the resistance of water. Swimming is performed in either a supine or prone position with a bilaterally-symmetric motion and is influenced by buoyancy. In other words, it is nearly unaffected by gravity and requires the same muscle exertion of both the right and left extremities. Balance is considered to be an important component of motor performance tasks. It is controlled by the central nervous system with the help of input from the visual, tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular systems (5) Balance can be defined as a condition during which the body's center-of-gravity (COG) is maintained within its base of support (BOS). Methodology: In this study, 50 Competitive swimmers were included. 36 Male and 14 Female, with a mean age, height and weight of 22.68 years, 175.56 cm and 70.94 kg respectively. Each had a swimming career more than 5 years, Training at least 5 days a week for 2 hours or more with an average of 10.12 years, 5.54 days a week for 2.68 hour training sessions. Static Balance was assessed using Balance Error Scoring System where the subjects were asked to stand with their eyes closed for 20 seconds in 6 Different Positions and the number of errors made were noted. Dynamic Balance was assessed using Star Excursion Balance Test were, a Star was marked on the ground to have 8 directions. The subject stood in the center of the star and had to reach as far as they could in each direction. This distance from the middle to the point of contact of their toe was noted and relative distance was calculated using Limb Length. The Results of both the test was compared with the normal data present. Result: The result of the test done to evaluate static balance; BESS showed that out of 50 participants 19 had superior balance, 18 had above average balance and 13 had broadly normal balance and the errors on the firm surface and soft surface had a mean and standard deviation of 2 ± 1.12 and 4.1±1.31 respectively. On the other hand, the test done to evaluate dynamic balance; SEBT showed that in each direction on an average the swimmer could reach 119.21±8.39 % relative distance in each direction. Conclusion: Different tests were conducted in the study to understand if competitive swimmers are somehow weak in terms of static and dynamic balance. The entire study is based on the effectiveness of maintaining and enhancing the static and dynamic stability among the swimmers. This study concludes that competitive swimmers have Superior Static and Dynamic Balance because of strong core muscles used to keep their body streamlined during swimming and good flexibility and neuromuscular feedback. Key words: Balance, Swimmers, Star Excursion Balance test (SEBT), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS).

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