Objectives Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital deformities with worldwide prevalence. It causes a range of issues for infants that mainly involve difficulty in feeding due to abnormal oronasal communication. For this purpose, feeding plates are provided to infants to act as an artificial palate to aid in feeding. The most crucial procedure in fabrication of a feeding plate is creation of the impression using the traditional finger technique or impression trays. This preliminary research aims to compare the effectiveness of novel impression trays with that of the traditional finger technique for recording impressions of infants with CLP. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 30 infants who were divided into two groups based on the method of obtaining impressions Group I, finger technique; Group II, specialized acrylic tray (cleftray). Results Use of cleftray required less impression time, a reduced amount of material, no incidence of cyanosis/choking in infants, and lower anxiety among doctors compared to the traditional method. Additionally, there was no distortion of cleft impressions, recorded maxillary tuberosity, or other fine details. Therefore, the novel impression tray (cleftray) exhibited superior outcomes in all the parameters compared to the finger technique. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that impression trays are superior to the traditional finger, spoon, or ice cream stick methods of creating impressions of CLP. However, it is necessary to conduct more clinical trials on a larger population based on other parameters to compare the effectiveness of the two techniques to draw definitive conclusions.
Aims and objectives Persistent mouth breathing affects stomatognathic functions along with effects on the academics and social life of a child. Sleep-related problems and behavioral symptoms similar to that found in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be present in mouth breathers. This study aims at assessing the sleep disturbances and pattern of symptoms of ADHD in children with mouth breathing. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 children of mouth breathing (consecutively selected) in 7–12 years of age using semi-structured proforma, children's sleep habit questionnaire (CSHQ), and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, version 5 (DSM 5). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 21. Mean, standard deviation, Chi-square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were utilized during the analysis. p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 100 children, 70 were males and 30 were females. On the CSHQ scale, the highest score was found on sleep-disordered breathing followed by sleep onset delay and daytime sleepiness. The commonest symptom of inattention was “failing to give close attention in school” (73%) whereas the commonest symptom of hyperactivity was “trouble waiting for his/her turn” (66%). Seven participants satisfied complete criteria for ADHD. Sleep duration and daytime sleepiness had a significant negative correlation with hyperactivity ( p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between daytime sleepiness and inattention ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Children with sleep disturbances or ADHD should be assessed for the presence of mouth breathing, as early identification and correction of mouth breathing may help to prevent unnecessary exposure to the medication. Clinical significance Children with ADHD or sleep disturbances should always be assessed for the presence of mouth breathing. Early identification and correction of mouth breathing may help in preventing unnecessary exposure to medication for treating ADHD. How to cite this article Kalaskar R, Bhaje P, Kalaskar A, et al. Sleep Difficulties and Symptoms of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Mouth Breathing. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):604–609.
Orofacial swelling is clinically a common problem found in pediatric dental patients. The causes of these swellings are mostly diverse, and the knowledge about specific clinical as well as imaging manifestations along with the most affected sites of these swelling is needed for the formulation of a differential diagnosis. Mid-facial non.progressive swelling is usually suggestive of a congenital defect (like a cephalocele, nasal glioma, epidermoid cyst or nasal dermoid). Swelling that is slowly progressive, may be indicative of a neurofibroma, hemangioma, vascular malformation, lymph angioma, pseudocyst or fibrous dysplasia. In cases of facial swellings that are rapidly progressive and associated with cranial nerve deficits, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, metastatic neuroblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma should also be included in the differential diagnosis.
Developmental defects of enamel a commonly encountered condition in both primary and permanent teeth enamel. Ameloblasts being highly specialized cells are highly sensitive to a host of environmental factors. As a result, a large number of factors can cause hypomineralization. Of the various hypoplastic and hypomineralization defects affecting the enamel, this chapter focuses on a distinct condition of hypomineralization involving mainly the molar and incisor teeth.
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