Industrial and municipal wastes, agricultural contamination owing to pesticides and chemical hazards, seawater intrusion in coastal areas, and other factors damage groundwater. In several towns and industrial clusters across India, is becoming a rising subject of concern. Groundwater is difficult to contaminate, but once contaminated, it is difficult to clean up. It is critical to attain this goal using a variety of aquifer vulnerability assessment approaches. All of these strategies rely on process models as well as statistical or overlay index methodologies. Groundwater vulnerability is a major topic of discussion due to declining groundwater levels and rising contamination, posing a serious threat to the environment and water sources. To identify the risk and to assess the vulnerability extensive research has carried out among them all the methods are worked based on the different parameters and different indexes. DRASTIC method is one of the most important and accurate method of overlay and index method for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability. This research study is a systematic analysis of the available research articles on the applications of DRASTIC and Modified DRASTIC (DRASTIC-L) performance management process on Geographical Information Systems (GIS).This research also reveals research gaps in the various groundwater vulnerability assessment approaches, as well as their limits and hypotheses.This study discovered that integrating GIS with DRASTIC is the most effective and accurate way for determining groundwater vulnerability. In the agricultural, arid, semi-arid, and basaltic zones, the modified DRASTIC model also outperforms the traditional DRASTIC model.

The quality and quantity of groundwater may differ from area to area so groundwater is a very important source of water worldwide. The aim of the study is to assess groundwater vulnerability in terms of quality using the GOD method using the GIS approach for Surat and its surroundings. Groundwater confinement, overlaying strata and depth to the water table are the three parameters that are used in the assessment of groundwater vulnerability. The lithological properties of the unsaturated zone are given significance by this method in the subdivision of areas with various levels of susceptibility, as shown by the GOD index map. Based on this, the study area lies in the high and very highly vulnerable areas. Based on the study Mahuva, Mandvi, Umarpada and some parts of the Bardoli talukas lie in a very high vulnerability zone, whereas another part of the study area lies in high vulnerability. Almost 35.98% area of the district lies in the higher vulnerability zone. It is observed that high vulnerability may be due to the availability of the agricultural area. This study may help in groundwater quality management and watershed management as well as it is very much useful for policymakers.

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