Nanoemulsion is the major vehicle for delivering different types of drugs, nucleic acids, and imaging agents. Due to their attractive properties, it has been extensively used for diagnostics of cancer therapy and imaging. However, nanoemulsion is designed through multiple functions by modifications in surface and encapsulation of active compounds against cancer. In nanoemulsion, the surface alteration can be changed by targeting the surface charge, a targeting ligand. The core of the emulsion can be loaded with drugs, imaging agents, and contrast agents. In this chapter, the application of nanoemulsion against specifically liver and gastric cancer is explored briefly. The major focuses on the severity of cancer, multifunctional nature of respective drug-loaded nanoemulsions, how to defeat the physiological hurdles, targeted and non-targeted delivery of nanoemulsion, clinical and preclinical studies are discussed with trending examples from the review of the literature and future perspectives.
Combining multiple anticancer agents in a nanocarrier can result in a formula with a low dose and few undesirable side effects.The purpose of the study was to formulate Garlic oil-loaded Mefloquine and Tamoxifen (TQ) in an oil-based nanoemulsion and evaluate its potential for inhibiting growth of lung cancer cells and normal skin cells.The antimalarial drug Mefloquine was repurposed using garlic oil nanoemulsion, which demonstrated better anti-cancer effects against A549 cell lines than Tamoxifen loaded nanoemulsion. The Mefloquine-loaded garlic nanoemulsion significantly reduced cell viability and promoted apoptosis in A549 cells in cytotoxic experiments. Physicochemical characterization, drug release tests, and cytotoxic studies were used to compare the drug-loaded nano emulsions. Mefloquine indicated less variance in hydrodynamic size, with a value of 1.01 ±0.13nm, than Tamoxifen-loaded nanoemulsion. Mefloquine loaded nanoemulsion showed better-sustained release, lower coarsening and constant colour stability. n simulated intestinal fluid, the drug release study of Mefloquine loaded nanoemulsion is 53.5% at 12 hours and Tamoxifen loaded nanoemulsion is 26.3 % at 8 hours (SIF). The percentage of cell viability of Mefloquine loaded Garlic oil nanoemulsion and Tamoxifen loaded Garlic oil nanoemulsion against lung cancer cells was 75.65 % and 64.35 %, respectively (A549). In normal cells, the cell viability of Mefloquine loaded Garlic oil nanoemulsion was lower than that of Tamoxifen loaded Garlic oil nanoemulsion. The findings imply that the Mefloquine-loaded Garlic oil nanoemulsion could be used as a nanotherapeutic carrier to target cancer cell without hampering the normal cells.
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