Teens and adults experience thousands of injuries on the playing field, while biking and during other activities. Injuries to the face in nearly every sport can harm teeth, lips, cheeks and tongue. A properly fitted mouth protector is important to protect teeth and smile. This article gives a brief review on the mouth guards to be used to protect smile. KEY WORDS: mouth guard, mouth protector INTRODUCTION: Sports have the potential to seriously harm the head, face or mouth as a result of head-to-head contact , hazardous falls, tooth clenching or blow to the mouth. Knowing how to prevent injuries is important if you participate in organized sports or other recreational activities. When it comes to protecting your mouth, a mouth guard is an essential piece of athletic gear that should be part of an athlete's standard equipment from an early age. In fact, an athlete is 60 times more likely to suffer harm to the teeth when not wearing a mouth guard. Mouth guards help buffer an impact or blow that otherwise could cause broken teeth, jaw injuries or cuts to the lip, tongue or face. Mouth guards also may reduce the rate and severity of concussions. Sport, leisure and recreation activities are the most common cause of dental injuries. Dental injuries can be painful, disfiguring and expensive to treat. Dental injuries may result in time off work or school to recover, and lengthy (and expensive) dental treatment. A mouth guard, custom-fitted by your dentist and worn every time you play or train, will protect against dental injury. HISTORY: The exact origins of the mouth guard are unclear. Most evidence indicates that the concept of a mouth guard was initiated in the sport of boxing. Originally, boxers used to wear mouth guards out of cotton, tape, sponge, or small pieces of wood. They bite the material between their teeth. (1) These devices proved impractical, a British dentist, began to fabricate mouthpieces for boxers in 1892. Krause placed strips of a natural rubber resin, gutta-percha, over the maxillary incisors of boxers. (2) Philip Krause was an amateur boxer used his own device before 1921. (3) In the early 1900s, Jacob Marks created a custom fitted mouth guard in London. (4) In 1927 boxing match between Jack Sharkey and Mike McTigue. McTigue was winning for most of the fight, but a chipped tooth cut his lip, and he was forced to forfeit the match. From that point on, mouth guards were acceptable. (4,5) In 1947, a Los Angeles dentist, made a breakthrough by using transparent acrylic resin to form an "acrylic splint". In the 1948 issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association, the procedure for making and fitting the acrylic mouth guard was described in detail by Dr. Lilyquist. (6) He was awarded nationwide as the father of the modern mouth guard for athletes. (6,7) In the 1940s and 1950s, dental injuries were responsible for 24-50% of all injuries in American football. In 1952, Life magazine did a report on Notre Dame football players without incisors. (8) In the 1950s, the American Dental Association (ADA...
Introduction: Reconstruction of maxillofacial defects is challenging in achieving aesthetic results. Replicating natural skin colour in maxillofacial prosthesis has been traditionally done using trial-and-error methods. However, with their respective limitations, multiple methods have been developed recently, like colourimeter and spectrophotometer. Need for the study: The natural appearance of the prosthesis affects the patient’s emotional and psychological well-being. Therefore, aesthetics is a prime concern now. So, the problem with colour matching of the maxillofacial prosthesis is profound. So, there is a need to develop customised shade guides and more advanced digitised shade-matching applications with Artificial Intelligence (AI) help. Therefore, a concoction of a customised silicon shade guide was contemplated with Advanced Programme in Data Sciences (APDS) AI-based digital application, and its reproducibility in clinical practice will be analysed. Aim: Phase 1- To develop and validate a customised broad spectrum silicon shade guide and APDS AI-based digital application on a survey of the Indian population. Phase 2- Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of indigenous APDS AI-based digital application with available shade guide systems for shade selection for silicone maxillofacial prosthesis. Methodology: A cross-sectional study. The shade guide will be fabricated with medical grade room temperature vulcanising silicone based on an observational survey. The shade guide will consist of three main groups ABC, divided into different subgroups from lighter to darker skin shades, and its accuracy evaluation is done by spectrophotometer. APDS AI-based digital application will be developed using reference from broadspectrum customised maxillofacial shade guide, and efficacy will be evaluated with visual assessment of colour matching by fabricating facial veneers for participants through investigators to investigate the consent of perfect colour match. Data will be statistically analysed.
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