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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of mortality among infectious diseases. The prevalence of tuberculosis is very high in developing countries such as India. Mantoux test is frequently used for the diagnosis of latent or active tuberculosis despite low sensitivity and specificity. However, the Mantoux test is a crucial test in a resource-less setup for the diagnosis of TB. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to find the dropout rate and dropout reasons in Mantoux testing. Methodology: All suspected TB patients attending out-patient department and further tested for Mantoux test. Results: Of the total 789 Mantoux tests, 459 (58%) were negative, 195 (25%) were positive, and 135 (17%) were dropouts. One of the main reasons for dropout was patients did not give importance to the Mantoux test. Conclusion: Dropout rate in Mantoux testing can be reduced by patient counseling regarding TB and Mantoux test by the doctor.

Antimicrobial resistance to the pathogenic microorganism has been characterized as a public health emergency both in the community and in hospitals. That is why; we need to find alternatives, which could be used as antibacterial agents. Therefore aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of 4 plant extracts Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Garlic (Allium sativum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum).Antibacterial properties of plant extracts at different concentrations (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 mg/mL) were tested against Multi Drug Resistance biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus using the agar well diffusion method.Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and antibiofilm properties of the plant extracts were determined using the tube dilution method and modified crystal violet assay, respectively. Total of 180 clinical isolates were screened for their MDR Pattern. Out of these, 72 were MDR isolates. These MDR isolates were categorized into weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers. Fourteen, Forty nine and nine were weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers, respectively. Out of the 4 plant extracts, Syzygium aromaticum and Camellia sinensis were found to be more effective with maximum zone of inhibition (20-25 mm), MBC 6.25 mg/ml and biofilm reduction of more than 50% compared to Allium sativum and Coriandrum sativum. All medicinal plant extracts were effective at different concentrations against the biofilm producing MDR isolates but Syzygium aromaticum and Camellia sinensis showed maximum antibacterial and antibiofilm activity.

Introduction: Hand hygiene play crucial role in infectious control. The present research is on accessing Knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing staff regarding hand washing. Human hands are covered with several commensal and pathogenic microorganism. Pathogenic bacterial species especially Staphylococcus species are the most common to participate in nosocomial infections. Methods: Total 300 hand swab samples were taken from 150 nursing staffs followed by filling the questionnaire form. Standard culture media (Blood agar and MacConkey agar) were used to isolate the microorganisms. Microbial identification was done by using standard biochemical tests. Results: Our study concluded that over all staff members had moderate knowledge and attitude regarding hand washing. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates were the most dominant bacteria. Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus was relatively less. Conclusions: Creating awareness and education regarding hand hygiene would definitely increase the attitude and practice of health care workers to minimizing the nosocomial infection.

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