A species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) considered as new to science is described and characterised molecularly from the eastern white-throated spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Vieillot in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, southeastern Brazil. Isospora lopesi n. sp. has oöcysts that are subspheroidal to ovoidal, 18-24 × 18-22 (20.6 × 19.7) µm, with smooth, bilayered wall, c.1.5 μm thick. Micropyle and oöcyst residuum are absent, but one polar granule is present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 12-16 × 8-11 (14.4 × 8.6) µm. The Stieda body is flattened to half-moon-shaped and sub-Stieda body is rounded. Sporocyst residuum is present, consisting of numerous spherules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with anterior and posterior refractile bodies and nucleus. Molecular analysis was conducted at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. This new isolate exhibited similarity greater than 98% with Isospora spp. isolates from spectacled warblers Sylvia conspicillata Temminck, 1820. This is the fourth isosporoid coccidian described from New World tyrannid birds, but is the first to have a complementary molecular characterisation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second most deadly type of cancer worldwide. In late diagnosis, CRC can resist therapy regimens in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) are intimately related. CSCs are a subpopulation of tumor cells responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance, metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatments. In this scenario, colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are considered an important key for therapeutic failure and resistance. In its turn, mitochondria is an organelle involved in many mechanisms in cancer, including chemoresistance of cytotoxic drugs due to alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, apoptosis, dynamics, and mitophagy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mitochondrial role in CCSCs regarding CRC drug resistance. It has been shown that enhanced anti-apoptotic protein expression, mitophagy rate, and addiction to oxidative phosphorylation are the major strategies developed by CCSCs to avoid drug insults. Thus, new mitochondria-targeted drug approaches must be explored to mitigate CRC chemoresistance via the ablation of CCSCs.

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Introduction: Vascular variations are congenital morphological differences that arise in the human body. Although, for the most part, do not cause injury to the individual, may be important in cases where it is necessary a specific access to the vascular system. The anatomic understanding of the facial artery and its branches are especially important in the practice of medical and dental care, in the surgeries of neck and face; and also for the radiologist to understand and interpret facial artery imaging when undertaking head angiography. The variations found in the formation and trajectories of the facial artery are described, however in the case studied, we described a morphological aspect until then not documented. In this sense, the objective of this study was to report a variation of the facial artery and to analyze it in relation to the literature state of the art. Case Report: During a head dissection of an adult male human cadaver fixed in 10% formaldehyde we identified a variation of the facial artery branches. We reported, in the right hemiface, a supernumerary branch of the facial artery emerged between the origins of submentual and inferior lip arteries, close to the bottom edge of the mandible body, going towards the infra-orbital region. Discussion: The report of a considerable caliber atypical branching of the facial artery deserves attention because of the large number of interventions in this region, not only in cases of trauma, but also in cases of elective surgeries of face pathologies.

The residual biomasses of coffee and other beverages generated in coffee shops, restaurants, residences, bars among others do not have registers due to the difficulty of quantifying this type of waste in different places. To analyze the toxic effects for substance or mixed substances improperly discarded should be performed toxicity tests that aim to predict the potential impact of a xenobiotic on the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the solubilized extract of coffe waste on the germination and development of onion seedlings (A. cepa), as well as to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of this extract in onion root meristematic cells. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of five treatments for the test group and two control group. For all treatments, 5 replicates were used. To evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity test, 5 seedlings of each treatment were removed after the germination process. Thus, from the treatment T2, the extract was able to provide a deleterious effect on germination and root growth. The extract presented a genotoxic effect in the concentration of T2 to T5 treatments, and in addition to genotoxicity, T3 to T5 treatments also showed a cytotoxic effect.

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In the current study, Isospora sagittulae McQuistion and Capparella, 1992 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is reported from white-shouldered fire-eyes Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. To date, this coccidian species was described from antbirds in Ecuador and Brazilian Amazon. In this sense, oocysts and measurements of the description of I. sagittulae from Amazonian antbirds were required from the deposit for comparison between samples from the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. The morphology was similar in all aspects, despite the polymorphism associated with the oocyst shape. DNA sequences for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) locus of the oocysts had similarity of 100%. Therefore, these strong morphological, molecular, and ecological equivalences ensure the unique identification of I. sagittulae. Finally, this finding reveals the wide distribution of I. sagittulae in the Neotropical region and indicates that other antbirds in the Brazilian Cerrado should disperse I. sagittulae to the Amazon and Atlantic Forest.

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