Effects of brief culture sensitivity training for counselors and effects of counselors' race on Black female clients' perceptions of counselor characteristics and the counseling relationship and clients' satisfaction with counseling were examined in an actual counseling situation. Client attrition across three sessions was also assessed. Clients assigned to experienced counselors who had received culture sensitivity training rated their counselor higher on credibility and relationship measures, returned for more follow-up sessions, and expressed greater satisfaction with counseling than did clients assigned to experienced counselors who had not received the additional training (control condition). Although same-race counseling dyads resulted in less client attrition, this factor did not influence client perceptions of counselors and the counseling process.We wish to thank the counselors who volunteered in this study and the anonymous reviewers for their comments.
A total of 169 students drawn from a large urban university rated their preferences for counselor gender for nine client concerns and completed a sex role inventory and a demographic questionnaire. The preponderance of people who expressed a preference for counselor gender preferred male counselors over female ones for all concerns other than problems with sexual issues.Preferences for male counselors were expressed more often, however, for vocational/academic and social/interpersonal concerns than for personal/intimate problems. Discriminant analyses revealed profiles of persons who preferred male counselors or had no preference. Variables such as subject sex role. age. and race were found to be particularly useful in predicting gender preferences. Results were interpreted in terms of Bern's (1981 b) gender-schema theory.
This qualitative study explores the ethnic identity formation of binational adults, defined as adults with parents who are each of different nationalities. In this sample, all participants were US citizens between the ages of 20 and 34 and most also identified as having biracial backgrounds. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, allowing participants to freely express their life experiences, personal revelations and feelings about their identity and place in the world around them. Results were recorded, transcribed and coded. Personal narratives described how life experiences enabled participants to develop cultural sensitivity, and increased their ability to identify commonalities and differences in concepts of race, ethnicity and culture in and outside the USA.
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