This paper examined the effect of human resource management on the performance of public sector organizations with the mediating effect of the work-life balance of the Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue (FIRS). The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the practices of Human Resource Management (HRM) regarding work-life balance and to examine the level of effectiveness of Human Resource Management of FIRS regarding work-life balance. The study also investigated the challenges of work-life balance faced by Human Resource Management in FIRS and suggested probable measures to improve the HRM system at FIRS. The study was hinged on the Easton System theory of 1979. The study adopted a quantitative survey with data collected from one hundred and thirty-two (132) respondents from the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Findings from the study reveal that there is an average level of practices of HRM regarding work-life balance in FIRS. Further, the findings revealed that the level of effectiveness of Human Resource Management of FIRS regarding work-life balance is poor. It also revealed that challenges include employers’ difficult policies and practices, lack of duty control, unsupportive employee relationships, inadequate human resources, increasingwork–life pressures, and high-stress levels. The study, therefore, recommends that the organization employs strategies that will boost staff morale, motivate workers, reduce absenteeism, and improve organizational productivity. This can be done through an efficiently managed work-life balance among employees at FIRS. Keywords: Human Resource Management, Performance, Public Sector, Work-life Balance, and Nigerian Federal Inland Revenue Service.
Full Immunization (a child having received BCG, 3 doses of oral polio, three doses of pneumococcal conjugate, three doses of pentavalent and measles vaccine) against vaccine preventable diseases reduces deaths of under-fives in developing countries. Zimbabwe records show low full immunization coverage of 69.2% in 2015 and the causalities are poorly understood. We examine factors undermining full immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Chadereka community, Centenary district. We adopted a cross sectional study design using modified cluster sampling method to select study participants. Fifteen systematically selected clusters of 8 children were utilized to determine full immunization coverage. Data collection was done using a pretested structured questionnaire and analysed using excel software. Mothers (n=120) with children (aged 12-23 months) were sampled and history of immunization was extracted from child's baby card plus mother's history. We found that 64.2% (95% CI: 53.9-74.5) of study participant had achieved full immunization. Specific vaccine coverage for BCG, three doses of polio, three doses of pneumococcal conjugate, three doses of pentavalent, and measles vaccine were 90.8%, 89.4%, 86.1%, 82.4% and 70% respectively. Source for immunization were health centre (53.5%), outreach services (37%) and hospital (9.5%). Mother's awareness (p-value 0.0317) and wealth status (p value 0.01592) were the major predictors of full immunization coverage. Reasons given for failure to fully immunize children were obstacles (74.4%), lack of motivation (11.6 %), lack of information (9.3%) and community factors (4.7%). We conclude that improved awareness to mothers and empowering women potentially increase the national full immunization coverage.
With the growing level of adoption and utilisation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the 21st century, it is cardinal to examine Information Technology Governance (ITG) in relation to approaches utilizable in public sector organizations for efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, this work examines information, communication, and technology governance in public organizations with a focus on the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). The specific objective covers the level of involvement of Information Technology Governance (ITG) and the Information Technology Governance (ITG) mechanism used by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) as a public sector organization. Objectives also focus on the benefits of Information Technology Governance (ITG) and the challenges involved with Information Technology Governance (ITG) in the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC). The study adopted the Technological Determinism Theory. With the adoption of the survey method through the instrumentation of a self-designed questionnaire administered to two hundred and nine (209) respondents, the study revealed that the involvement of Control Objective for Information and Technology (COBIT) as ITG mechanism in the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) is to a great extent. The benefits of ITG include the creation of values, improved effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery, and improvement of service quality. However, these benefits are hindered by some challenges ranging from poor infrastructures, inadequate expertise, poor resource management, culture, and bureaucracy to leadership style. The study recommends that government commitment and provision of adequate IT infrastructures to various public service agencies in Nigeria will enhance the successful implementation of ITG applications and efficiency in public service delivery. Keywords: Information Technology Public Organisation, Information Technology Governance, Nigerian Communications Commission, Standard Framework.
Zimbabwe is implementing a micronutrient powder program, which was designed to improve micronutrient supplementation to children aged 6-23 months. One year after program inception, there are reports of low uptake of micronutrient powders. The study sought to understand the importance of social and behaviour change communication in promoting uptake of micronutrient powders. The study was conducted in Makoni rural district of Zimbabwe. Key informant and focus group discussions were employed to explore the significance of social and behaviour change communication in promoting uptake of micronutrient powders. Qualitative data analysis methods of transcribing, organizing, categorizing, and coding were used to sift themes and emerging issues. Out of 81 community participants in this study, we found that social and behaviour change communication approaches employed increased knowledge, positive attitude and infant feeding practices among caregivers. On the other hand, we found that lack of adequate information on side effects of micronutrient powders may hinder optimal uptake of micronutrient powders. Social mobilization and capacity building approaches were used utilized to disseminate information on micronutrient powders. We found that few community engagement platforms, limited advocacy and mass media to disseminate information on MNPs may hinder optimal uptake of micronutrient powders. We suggest that nutrition programs in Zimbabwe should consider utilizing an integrated social and behaviour change communication approach and provide adequate information to caregivers on side effects to promote uptake of Micronutrient Powders.
Zimbabwe is implementing a Result Based Financing program since 2011, which was designed to improve utilization of maternal and child health services offered by public health facilities. Four years after the program inception, reports of low vitamin A coverage and, high home deliveries are common. The study sought to understand why there is still low uptake of maternal and child health services. Using cases of Mazowe district health facility catchments, community dialogues were employed to explore underlying causalities to low maternal and childhood health services uptake. Qualitative data analysis methods of transcribing, organizing, categorizing, and coding were used to sift themes and emerging issues. Out of 135 community leaders who participated in this study, we found poor accessibility of health facilities (high transport cost, poor road network, long walking distance and unavailability of outreach services), limited health service promotion, and socio-cultural beliefs (clients linked early attendance for antenatal care with abortion from bewitchment) as major barriers to health service utilization in the study community. We also found dialoguing a good method to inform, educate and stimulate collective responsibility towards improving health services uptake in our study communities. We suggest that health programs in Zimbabwe should consider improving accessibility of health facilities, promotion of health services and increase dialoguing with communities on cultural barriers in order to increase the impact of Results Based Health Financing Programs.
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