A cirurgia reconstrutiva, utiliza-se da redistribuição tecidual, para o tratamento de defeitos traumáticos de pele, quando fechamento primário não é possível. Resultam em redução de infecções, além de facilitar sobremaneira o manejo da ferida. Traumatismos faciais em cães, principalmente no focinho, cursam com pouca pele adjacente, o que torna a cirurgia reparadora um desafio cirúrgico. Desta forma, este trabalho, relata o caso de um cão atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), apresentando lesão bilateral em lábio superior e plano nasal, com perda considerável de tecido, mas que culminou com bons resultados estéticos e funcionais após cirurgias reparadoras.
Partial hemipelvectomy refers to the surgical removal of a pelvic segment, which is performed for pelvic bone neoplasms, severe fractures, or poor bone union. This study presents the cases of seven dogs, six of which have neoplasms involving the hip joint and one with severe pelvic canal narrowing due to a poorly consolidated trauma. Partial caudal hemipelvectomy was performed for all the dogs to improve the quality of life and delay euthanasia. Of the seven cases, six required the use of a polypropylene mesh for the pelvic wall closure, with 85.71% of them acquiring manageable complications in the postoperative period. Despite these complications, an overall improvement in the quality of life was reported to be significant in the operated animals due to the removal of the cause of pain or discomfort. Thus, it was concluded that partial hemipelvectomyis beneficial for dogs with pelvic conditions. Furthermore, the main complication due to the lack of a pelvic wall for primary occlusion was circumvented by using a polypropylene mesh, showing that possible complications in this procedure can be appropriately managed.
Neoplasmas primários do sistema urinário são incomuns em cães e gatos. Quando acometem os rins, o carcinoma é o mais comum nos cães e o linfoma nos gatos. Neoplasmas ureterais primários são raros nos cães e não existe relatos em gatos. O principal neoplasma vesical primário descrito em cães e gatos é o carcinoma de células de transição; porém, é mais frequente em cães. Neoplasmas uretrais ocorrem raramente e quando diagnosticados normalmente são amplificações de neoplasmas prostáticos ou de vesícula urinária. Com a finalidade de auxiliar no diagnóstico e na conduta médica para as duas espécies, esse trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar uma revisão de literatura com os principais neoplasmas de ocorrência no sistema urinário que afetam cães e gatos. Apesar destas alterações serem infrequentes na rotina veterinária, é necessário um diagnóstico precoce para melhor prognóstico dos pacientes.
RESUMOO conhecimento morfológico das glândulas salivares é importante nas espécies silvestres e domésticas. As glândulas salivares dos felinos são mandibulares, parótida, sublingual, zigomática e molar. As glândulas molares são um total de duas no leão (Panthera leo), com secreção predominante mucosa. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever anatomicamente a glândula molar. O presente trabalho foi realizado no laboratório de anatomia na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Foi dissecada uma cabeça de uma leoa (Panthera leo) de vinte e três anos que pertencia a um criadouro de Santa Maria/RS. Fixou-se e realizou-se a dissecação das glândulas molares de ambos os lados da face, com rebatimento da pele, do músculo platisma e remoção do músculo subcutâneo. A forma, posição e a relação das glândulas foram observadas. Com a fita métrica foram realizadas medidas da extremidade do nariz até o ponto mais alto da crista nucal (Medida A), desta até o ponto médio entre os ângulos mediais dos olhos (Medida B), e de uma linha reta transversal partindo do processo angular da mandíbula até o dorso da cabeça (Medida C). Mediram-se também com auxílio de um parquímetro o comprimento, a largura e a profundidade das glândulas. Logo, a glândula molar apresentou uma forma retangular alongada, com medidas proporcionais em relação ao tamanho da cabeça, de 1/6 a 1/7 do comprimento, e de 1/16 a 1/23 da largura.
Background: The medical science of birds, with the exception of aviculture, has a very short history compared to other subdisciplines of veterinary medicine. With this in mind, the current work aims to report the case of a buff-necked ibis with an open fracture of the left humerus, presenting the surgical treatment and anesthetic protocol used, in order to contribute to the avian medical literature.Case: An adult buff-necked ibis (Theristicus caudatus) was referred to the University Veterinary Hospital with an open fracture of the left humeral shaft, 7 days after rescue. During the physical examination, a skin lesion was identified in the fracture area, with signs of low vascularization, devitalization, necrotic tissues, and purulent secretions being noted. On radiographic examination, the fracture was classified as comminuted, with exposure of the left humeral shaft. After evaluatingthe limb, it was decided to amputate the wing, and 24 h later, the patient was referred to the operating room after fasting for 4 h. As pre-anesthetic medication, ketamine (20 mg/kg) and midazolam (1 mg/kg) were administered, both intramuscularly. Orotracheal intubation was performed, after which the tracheal tube was connected to a Baraka-type gas-free system andthe supply of isoflurane was started through a universal vaporizer, diluted in 100% oxygen. For transoperative analgesia, brachial plexus block was performed using 2% lidocaine (2 mg/kg). During the surgical procedure, an incision was made in the skin and subcutaneous tissue in the middle third of the left humerus, and detachment of the greater deltoid muscle was performed with a periosteal elevator, followed by excision of the tensor propatagialis. In the ventrodorsal region, circular ligation of the brachial vein, ulnar vein and artery, and median-ulnar nerve was carried out, and disarticulation of the scapulacoracoid-humeral region. Subsequently, abolition of dead space and a myorrhaphy were performed, followed by demorrhaphy. In the immediate post-operative period, morphine (5 mg/kg), meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg), and enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly. The patient was discharged from the hospital 6 h after the end of the surgical procedure.Discussion: Interest in the conservation of wild birds is one of the causes of the increased demand for anesthetic and surgical procedures in these species. However, it is a challenge for professionals in the field. The use of analgesics is recommended for reasons of well-being, but also because of the possibility of reducing the concentration of inhalational anesthetics in surgical procedures. Ketamine associated with midazolam promotes sufficient sedation and muscle relaxation in the patient, enabling safe preoperative management, in addition to reducing the amount of inhaled anesthetics used during the transoperative period. Isofluorane promotes safe general anesthesia for birds and has an advantage over injectable drugs, as it provides better dynamic control of anesthetic depth in these species. The brachial plexus block performed is a simple procedure that promotes quality anesthesia and analgesia in the perioperative period. The choice for amputation was due to the absence of musculature for closure, severe skin, muscle, and bone devitalization, and the infectious process in the region, factors that would prevent osteosynthesis. Although amputation through the bone is preferable, the disarticulation technique was used due to the absence of a healthy proximal humeral fragment. The patient’s death can be explained by the poor nutritional status the bird was in, as it presented an open fracture with severe contamination, a concomitant injury that occurred during the possible trauma, and the excessive time between the day of the trauma and the day of medical attendance. However, the surgical and anesthetic procedures were adequate and satisfactory for the patient. The importance of identifying and treating diseases secondary to contaminated fractures in these species is emphasized. Keywords: bird, avian medicine, fauna, lesions, recovery. Título: Fratura de úmero em uma curicaca (Theristicus caudatus) - manejo anestésico e cirúrgico Descritores: aves, medicina aviária, fauna, lesões, recuperação.
Background: The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) is also known as the quaker parrot and belongs to the order Psittaciformes in the family Psittacidae. The cloaca is a posterior orifice common to reproductive, digestive and urinary systems and the cloacal prolapse is the displacement or inversion of its anatomic position. Nowadays, the non-conventional pet market in Brazil is rapidly growing, which demands more skills and competences from an avian veterinarian. This study case has as its main objective to present a 40-day-old monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) with cloacal prolapse, treated using the cloacoplasty technique. It is important to mention that the occurrence of cloacal prolapse in this species and in such an early age is uncommon.Case: The patient presented 1 day before the physical examination an increased volume in the cloacal region and hematochezia, and diagnosed as cloacal prolapse. For the treatment, wounds were washed using physiological saline solution, ice and sugar were applied in order to reduce the edema, and mineral oil was used for repositioning the cloacal mucosa. Finally, local anesthesia was applied and 2 isolated contralateral sutures were done with the objective of reducing the sphincter’s diameter, without compromising the flow of urine and feces. The monk parakeet was treated with antibiotic Avitrin®) [oxytetracycline hydrochloride - 8.1 mg/mL] and a vermifuge [mebendazole 50 mg/mL]. A sample of feces was also obtained and sent to the Laboratory of Avian Pathology Diagnosis. The patient was discharged after 7 days of the treatment, obtaining a favorable result with no further complications.Discussion: The results of the coproparasitological examination were negative for the samples analyzed; nevertheless, the possibility of a false negative result cannot be totally dismissed. Cloacal prolapse may be related to cases of hypersexual disorder or overexertion to defecate due to intestinal parasites, posture, polyps, enteritis, neoplasm or cloacal hyperplasia. Besides that, endoparasitism is common in captive birds. For the correct treatment, proceed with a cloacoplasty, in which 1 or 2 simple sutures are made separated laterally in both sides, promoting the narrowing of the orifice. The surgeries such as the cloacoplasty are currently being defended, but in most cases as an adjuvant therapy. Cloacal prolapse in birds is a disease considered as an intestinal emergency. The techniques presented in this work demand sedation or anesthesia for the patient, which were not authorized by the tutor due to the high risk involved. However, due to the characteristic of domestication and docile behavior of the bird, it was possible to perform the 2 sutures with a local anesthetic block only. Cloacal prolapse is relatively common in adult psittacine birds, but uncommon in monk parakeets and young birds. The treatment performed was effective for the monk-parakeet presented in this study case. The authors, however, would like to strongly reinforce the need to identify the cause of cloacal prolapse in order to properly treat it. The importance of correctly identifying the anatomy of a psittacine bird as well as applying precisely the suture techniques are the most important conclusions obtained, making both the identification of the problem and its solution through surgical intervention a simpler and successful process.Keywords: birds, endoparasites, suture, wild.
O objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar a eficácia do uso de um único implante sintético para reconstrução do ligamento cruzado cranial e caudal em um gato. Optou-se pela correção cirúrgica intracapsular, utilizando um fio de poliéster n° 5 fixando sua porção central ao fêmur e redirecionado as extremidades para lados opostos da tíbia. A técnica proposta demandou pouco trauma iatrogênico e demonstrou rápida execução, retorno precoce à deambulação e estabilidade aos pontos de fixação do implante, resultando em ausência de movimento cranial e caudal da tíbia em relação ao fêmur.
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