PALAVRAS-CHAVE:micorrização, inovação tecnológica, sistema de produção. DISTRIBUTION OF INOCULUM AMF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS FOR THE FAMILY FARMABSTRACT: Most upland soil of the Amazon has high acidity and nutrient deficiency, which prevents the satisfactory growth and development of plants. As an alternative to producing high quality seedlings for the region, has given prominence to the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which promote better development of plants in adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, the objective was to produce and distribute MF inoculants for farmers interested in deploying it in their cropping systems in settlement projects in the region. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of Maraba, in the Federal University of Pará and settlement projects in the region, where soil samples were collected in several areas of cultivation for the extraction of spores, which were multiplied in trap culture Brachiaria brizantha, in order to produce inoculum for distribution to farmers interested in technology. The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different cropping systems of the settlements involved were verified and identified farming families interested in using the inoculant. The multiplication of spores to produce inoculum was satisfactory, since it was produced in sufficient quantity to meet the demand of 25
RESUMO: Com intuito de avaliar propriedades físicas e químicas do solo, submetido a diferentes manejos, em propriedade agrícola familiar do sudeste paraense, coletou-se amostras de solo em áreas de mata primária (MP), pastagem com leguminosas (PL) e pastagem solteira (PS) em duas profundidades (0 a 5 e 5 a 10 cm ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENTS IN SOUTHEAST OF PARA STATE ABSTRACT:In order to assess physical and chemical soil properties under different managements, on the family farm, in southeast of Para state, it was collected soil samples in areas of primary forest (PF), pasture with legumes (PL) and single pasture (SP) at two depths (0 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm). Physical analyzes: particle size, Dp, Ds and Ptotal, as well as chemical analysis: pH in water, Al 3+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and exchangeable Na + , K + and P, H+Al and TOC. To test the significance of differences between treatment means, we applied the Tukey test at 5% probability, making use of completely randomized design with three treatment (PF, PL and SP) and three replications, the depths were studied separately. SP showed higher values for DS and Ptotal for depth 0 to 5 cm. However, the depth 5 to 10 cm, PL and SP did not differ for these attributes. PL had the highest value for soil pH and also lower values for Al 3+ and H+Al. There was no significant difference between treatments, and depth, for P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ . Na + has differed only in the first depth, with PF having the highest value. PF presented the highest value to TOC.
Plant growth promoting microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi, have been widely used in agriculture because they help plants in the absorption of nutrients and water, influencing their growth. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of the mycorrhizal association of Glomus clarum and Glomus etunicatum on the initial growth of the rootstocks Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, with five replications, corresponding to three rootstocks, four managements: mineral fertilization, inoculation with G. clarum (IGC), inoculation with G. etunicatum (IGE) and Control. The seedlings were produced in greenhouse, using as substrate the vermicompost earthworm, distributed in polyethylene bags, depositing three seeds of each rootstock / bag. The inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi was carried out at the time of sowing (45 spores of each species / bag). The mineral fertilization was divided into two phases: phosphorus application before sowing (40g of single superphosphate / bag); nitrogen application (1.7 g dissolved in 40 ml of water), divided in eight applications of 5 ml of the solution, via irrigation water, manually and weekly; and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), sprayed manually every two weeks. The following parameters were evaluated: height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry mass, colonization and mycorrhizal dependence. There was a significant interaction between the rootstocks and treatments applied in this study for most of the evaluated variables. Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo obtained higher height and the management that conferred higher height to the rootstocks was the mineral fertilization and IGE. The largest diameter of the stem was reached by Swingle citrumelo and the management that provided the largest diameter was the inoculation with G. etunicatum. Rangpur lime presented moderate mycorrhizal dependence for G. clarum and marginal for G. etunicatum. Mycorrhizal colonization did not show a significant interaction between rootstocks and the management with inoculation. The mycorrhizal association of G. clarum and G. etunicatum was not presented as the best management for the growth of Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin, when compared to the mineral fertilization. However, the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi provided a positive effect on the uptake of some nutrients by the rootstocks, especially K, Mg, N and P.
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