Fifth Generation (5G) wireless network plays major attention in the communication scenario due to the advanced features in data transmission. 5G is designed to overcome the issues, such as data rate, reliability, throughput, latency and capacity in the wireless network domains. The 5G wireless services aim to increase the data rate through massive communication services. In this survey, well known research papers based on low latency communication at the Physical layer (PHY) and Medium Access Control layer (MAC) are reviewed based on the Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) perspective. Here, the communication techniques are categorized as, structure-based model, resource reuse-based techniques, radio resource management techniques, scheduling based approach, diversity-based techniques and network slicing model based on the purpose of data communication. The issues and challenges faced by the existing research works are reviewed and discussed in the research gaps and issues section. Moreover, the analysis carried out in this survey is based on the evaluation parameters, network layer, network parameters, system, purpose and simulation toolsets. The future work of the URLLC research is based on the issues collected from the recent research papers reviewed in this study.
MANET is an infrastructure less network which consists of mobile nodes without central administration. It's routing algorithm should not only be capable of finding the shortest path between the source and destination, but it should also be adaptive, in terms of the changing state of the nodes, the changing load conditions of the network and also the changing state of the environment. In this paper a performance comparison of three popular mobile ad-hoc network routing protocols i.e. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Optimization Link State Routing (OLSR) and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is presented with variable pause time and packet transmission rate. A network simulator QualNet 6.1 from scalable networks is used to evaluate the performance of these protocols. The performance analysis is based on different network metrics such as Average End to End delay (s), Average Jitter(s), Throughput and Packet delivery ratio.
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