An understanding of heat transfer in a bladed mixer is important for drying of pharmaceutical drug crystals. This study presents thermal imaging experiments of the particle bed surface in a bladed mixer to investigate how the impeller speed influences the rate and the uniformity of heat transfer. Next, the process is simulated using the discrete element method. The bed thermal properties are lumped into an effective thermal conductivity, that is calibrated for one impeller speed. The experiments and the simulations show the same trends and generally agree well for all agitated beds. However, to obtain good agreement of the rate of heat transfer between the simulations and experiments in a static bed, we need to adopt a higher thermal conductivity than for the agitated beds. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for the design of operating protocols.

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