The aim of our study was to develop an original probiotic cheese based on the Estonian open-texture, smear-ripened, semisoft cheese "Pikantne." Cheese was produced by two methods using cheese starter cultures (Probat 505) in combination with 0.04% of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain ME-3 (10(9) cfu/mL) with high antimicrobial activity and antioxidative properties. The probiotic Lactobacillus was added into milk simultaneously with starter cultures (cheese A) and into drained curd (cheese B). After addition of probiotic L. fermentum ME-3, the cheese composition, flavor, and aroma were comparable to the control cheese (score values = 4.5, 4.2, and 3.7 for control cheese, cheese A, and cheese B, respectively). Cheese A, which had good sensory properties, was chosen for further testing of viability and probiotic properties. The probiotic strain was found to withstand the technological processing of cheese, surviving and sustaining moderate antimicrobial and high antioxidative activity throughout ripening and storage (the ripened cheese contained approximately 5 x 10(7) cfu/g viable ME-3 cells), although the viability of the ME-3 strain incorporated into the cheese showed a slight decrease between d 24 and 54 after cheese preparation. Semisoft cheese "Pikantne" serves as a suitable carrier of antimicrobial and antioxidative L. fermentum ME-3.

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In the current study the microbiological, sensory and chemical properties of 24 kefirs (12 producers) from Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian retail market were determined using gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS-Q-TOF and LC-ion trap MS/MS), spectrophotometry and other methods. Antihypertensive, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting, antioxidant and antibacterial peptides were found in the kefir samples. According to the results of principal component analysis of 200 most abundant compounds obtained with HPLC-MS/MS-Q-TOF analysis, Estonian kefirs differed from the rest. Kefirs of Latvian and Lithuanian origin showed similarities in several characteristics, probably related to the starter cultures and technological processes. The fatty acids composition of all Baltic kefirs was uniform. The antioxidant capacity of the kefirs varied slightly, whereas intermediate positive correlation (r = 0.32, P < 0.05) was found between antioxidativity and total bacterial count. The lipid oxidation level, estimated as the content of linoleic and oleic acid primary oxidation products, oxylipins, was very low in all studied kefirs. Only one third of analysed kefirs met the requirements of the minimum sum of viable microorganisms, indicated in the Codex Standard for Fermented Milks.

El Método de Diseños de Mezclas fue aplicado para determinar el porcentaje óptimo de sustitución de tejido graso de cerdo por inulina, para obtener un producto semejante a un paté comercial (PC). Se realizaron evaluaciones fisicoquímicas, sensoriales y de costo de producción. Los ingredientes principales fueron: Solución Acuosa de Inulina al 33,3% p/p, (SAI), Tejido Graso de Cerdo (TGC) e Hígado de Cerdo (HC). Se aplicó un Diseño Axial de Mezclas con restricciones, estableciéndose la composición de la formulación óptima de paté (PO): 62% de SAI, 25% de TGC y 13% de HC. Esto significa el reemplazo del 55,20% de TGC con SAI. El PO tuvo un contenido calórico de 190,25 kcal/100g, 99,59% de estabilidad de pasta cruda, 7,15 puntos de nivel de agrado (sobre una escala de 10 puntos) y un costo de producción de 2,23 Nuevos Soles/100g de paté.($1 = 3,5 Nuevos Soles). El análisis proximal del PO estableció un contenido graso de 14,73% (50,55% menos que PC) y un contenido de inulina de 17,80%.