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This study investigated groundwater pollution and potential human health risks from arsenic, iron, and manganese in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh. Study results show that the mean value of groundwater pH is 7.25 ± 0.31, with a mean conductivity of 633.94 ± 327.41 μs/cm, while about 73, 97, and 91% of groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standard limits for As, Fe, and Mn, respectively. Groundwater pollution evaluation indices, including the heavy metal pollution index, the heavy metal evaluation index, the degree of contamination, and the Nemerow pollution index, show that approximately 97, 82, 100, and 100% of samples are in the high degree of pollution category, respectively. Spatial distribution exhibited that the study area is highly exposed to As (73%), Fe (82%), and Mn (46%). In the case of non-carcinogenic health risk via oral exposure, about 94% of samples suggest a high category of risk for infants, and 97% of samples are found to be at high risk for children and adults. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic via an oral exposure pathway suggests that approximately 97% of the samples are found to be at high risk for infants, and all of the samples are at high risk for both adults and children.

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Abstract:Climate change has been presented as a likely trigger for migration of people, especially in Coastal areas in Bangladesh. This study investigates the climate-induced migration causes, migration pattern and destination of individual household in coastal Bangladesh. It also identifies which economic groups were migrated from this region. Data were collected through a stratified random sampling technique on 120 rural households through a defined questionnaire survey. Survey was carried out aftermath of AILA (25 th May 2009), from three disasters prone unions in coastal Bangladesh. Findings showed that the main causes of migration were unemployment (65%), poverty and food insecurity (23%). The rate of temporary / seasonal migration (67%) was higher than permanent migration (20%) and most migrants choose city area (77%) as their migration place. Mainly lower economic groups (Extremely poor, poor and lower middle class) were migrated from this region for economic insufficiency. Creating job facilities and ensuring food security is the main solution for improving this problem.