Background and aims Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the main form of leishmaniasis that affects the skin. Knowledge and perception of people about leishmaniasis has a great impact to prevent the disease in endemic areas. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and preventive measures of Wegeltena secondary school students towards CL in Delanta district, one of the endemic areas in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 4 to 20, 2021 at Wegeltena secondary school in Delanta district, Northeast Ethiopia. A pre-tested, interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to measure the degree of association between outcome and independent variables. Statistically significant association with the outcome variables was declared at a p -value of <0.05. Results A total of 388 students were participated in the study. In overall, 27.6% and 34.5% of participants had good knowledge and favorable attitude towards CL, respectively. Being grade 12 (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.23–5.29) and dwelling in urban areas (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.09–2.89) were determinants of good knowledge. However, female sex (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.21–3.18) and had good knowledge about CL (AOR = 3.75; 95% CI: 2.26–6.21) were significantly associated with favorable attitude of respondents towards the disease. Conclusion In this study , nearly three-fourth of participants had poor knowledge about CL and two-third of them had unfavorable attitude towards the disease. Level of education and residence were determinants of respondents' knowledge about CL. Moreover, sex and level of knowledge about CL were determinants of respondents' attitude towards the disease. Therefore, an intensified health education program shall be implemented in schools that are found in endemic areas.
Background and Aims Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis that causes skin lesions on exposed parts of the body. It is endemic in over 170 districts and highly prevalent in the northern and southern parts of Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of CL among students of Wegeltena secondary school in Delanta district, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods This unmatched case–control study was conducted from January 4 to 20, 2021 at Wegeltena secondary school. Cases were students who had an active lesion of CL and controls were students who had never been infected with CL (no active lesions). A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select participants in the control group. Data were collected by using a pretested, interviewer‐administered structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed and variables were declared determinants of CL at a p value of <0.05. Results A total of 225 students (58 cases and 167 controls) participated in the study. The mean age of cases and controls was 18.6 (SD ± 0.99 years) and 18.5 years (SD ± 1.17 years), respectively. In this study, 74.1% of cases and 51.5% of controls have been living in rural areas. Furthermore, being male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94–8.69), rural residents (AOR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.33–6.52), living in areas where caves (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.24–10.59), nearby forest (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.42–11.51), and hyrax available (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.16–5.08) were significantly associated with CL. Conclusion In our study, sociodemographic and environmental factors were found to be determinants of CL. Therefore, reducing outdoor activities, wearing protective clothes, use of insecticide‐treated nets, and destruction of sand fly breeding sites shall be implemented targeting the rural population that resides in areas where forests, caves, and hyraxes are prominent.
Background: The burden of heart failure increases over time and is a leading cause of unplanned readmissions worldwide. In addition, its impact has doubled in countries with limited health resources, including Ethiopia. Identifying and preventing the possible contributing factors is crucial to reduce unplanned hospital readmission and to improve clinical outcomes. Method: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study design was employed from January 1, 2016, to December 30, 2020. The data was collected from 572 randomly selected medical records using data extraction checklists. Data were entered in Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed with Stata version 17. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to estimate and compare the survival failure time. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was computed to identify predictors of readmission. Finally, the statistical significance level was declared at a p-value <0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. Result: In this study, a total of 151 (26.40%) heart failure patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. In the multivariate cox proportional hazards analysis being an age (>65 years) (AHR: 3.172, 95%CI:.21, 4.55), rural in residency (AHR: 2.47, 95%CI: 1.44, 4.24), Asthma/COPD (AHR: 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.35), HIV/AIDS (AHR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.24, 2.75), Haemoglobin level 8-10.9 g/dL (AHR: 6.20, 95%CI: 3.74, 10.28), and Mean platelet volume >9.1fl (AHR: 2.08, 95%CI: 1.27, 3.40) were identified as independent predictors of unplanned hospital readmission. Conclusion: The incidence of unplanned hospital readmission was relatively high among heart failure patients. Elderly patients, rural residency, comorbidity, higher mean platelet volume, and low hemoglobin level were independent predictors of readmission. Therefore, working on these factors will help to reduce the hazard of unplanned hospital readmission.
Objectives: Health-related quality of life of people living with epilepsy is significantly impaired. The disease causes a significant psychological and social impact on daily living conditions and usually has lifelong consequences for the patient and family. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life of people living with epilepsy and its predictors in Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit a total of 385 study participants. Written informed consent was obtained for each participant, and data were collected using World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors affecting the quality of life. P value ⩽ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: About 95.80% of the study participants had a generalized seizure, and 64.30% were on two antiepileptic drugs. Of the total, 12.20% and 37.00% suffered from depression and anxiety, respectively, based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score. The mean total health-related quality of life score was 51.98 (standard deviation: ± 10.08; 95% confidence interval: 41.90–62.06) out of 100. Age, education level, marital status, occupation, residence, current comorbidity, family support, and recreational activities were associated with good health-related quality of life ( p ⩽ 0.05) Conclusion: The average overall quality of life of people living with epilepsy in the Dessie Referral Hospital was low. Therefore, concerted efforts must be made to improve the quality of life of patients over the healthcare services provided.
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