The performance of the heterogeneous protocols in terms of stability and network lifetime, DEEC preformed better as compare to others protocols. It is compare the different levels of DEECs performance in terms of number of node alive, number of node fail, stability, network lifetime and energy. Nodes are randomly deployed and each node has initially limited energy. Sensor nodes transmit sensed information to the sink or Base Station (BS) with minimum time delay.When the large numbers of rounds max R have been involved in the system, the energy has been sharply decreases, so the first node has been died due to low battery and the connection has been broken. Thus, result in unsuccessful information transmission. To overcome this problem, the simulation results of the heterogeneous protocols performance in term of network lifetime, number of nodes alive during rounds and data packets sent to BS.
High speed jets in cross flows are central to fuel injection in supersonic combustion scramjet engines. In supersonic combustion scramjet engines, the sonic under expanded transverse jet of fuel is injected into a supersonic cross flow of air, where efficient mixing of fuel and air is one of the major critical issues. Due to the limited flow residence time inside the combustion chamber, the enhancement of supersonic turbulent mixing of jet fuel and cross-flow air is a critical issue in developing supersonic air-breathing engines. The accurate estimation and detailed physical understanding of the turbulent mixing mechanisms plays an important role in combustor design of scramjet engines. This numerical study aims at understanding the complex physical phenomenon involved in mixing of fuel jet and air and the associated turbulence characteristics, boundary layer capture and flow separation. In the current study the flow field resulting from the transverse injection of fuel jet into cross-flow of air is simulated numerically by solving the appropriate governing equations for a 2-dimensional flow. Numerical simulations are used to study an under-expanded jet injected into a supersonic cross flow. This study examines the flow structure, separation topology and performance characteristics of an under expanded transverse jet issuing normally into supersonic free stream. The influence of the compressibility effect on the shock wave structure and on the vortex system ahead and behind of the jet are studied by solving Favre averaged Navier Stokes (FANS) equations with SST k-ω turbulence model. The influence of the jet Mach number and jet-to-cross-flow pressure ratio on shock wave structure of the flow and jet penetration depth are studied. The simulated numerical results are compared with the experimental data available in the literature. Grid independence study is carried out for all the simulations carried out in the work to have good accurate results. It was found out that wall pressure profile of transverse jet injection for the high jet-to-cross-flow pressure ratio is predicted more accurately by the SST k-ω turbulence model. The jet penetration depth found out to be increasing with the increase in jet-to-cross-flow pressure ratio and fuel jet slot width.
Indian Railways have identified specific corridors for High-Speed Railway connectivity which will entail energy efficient designs. Low energy consumption at increased speeds requires a new train concept and design altogether. This study first identifies a viable track using ArcG and the MumbaiAhmedabad sector is chosen. This is followed by an Autodesk Ecotect TM analysis to optimize day-lighting and thermal comfort levels within an energy efficient cabin.
We are presenting a method of reducing the size of traditional capsule used in wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) for. The conventional wireless endoscopic capsule was manufactured on 18µm technology and its size is 26mmx11mm. Here we are using Ultrascale FinFET 16nm technology to reduce the size of capsule. By using this technique the Size of traditional capsule can be reduced by 11-12 % .Using this method leakage current content reduces and power consumption also reduces up to 50% than the traditional one. The device can be operated on a very low operating voltage and thus the life of battery increases. But after the advancement of FPGA technology, here we are emphasizing on ultra-scale technology with 16nm FINFET technology for fabrication of CMOS transistors using 16 nm technology 3D ICs. This method increases system performance and speed upto 2 folds and speed increases upto 30% .
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