Biofuel production by oleaginous microalgae is a promising alternative to the conventional fossil fuels. Many microalgae species have been investigated and deemed as potential renewable sources for the production of biofuel, biogas, food supplements and other products. Oleaginous microalgae, named for their ability to produce oil, are reported to store 30–70% of lipid content due to its metabolic properties under nutrient starvation conditions. This review presents the assortment of the research studies focused on biofuel production from oleaginous microalgae. The new methods and technologies developed for oleaginous microalgae cultivation to improve their biomass content and lipid accumulation capacity were reviewed. The production of renewable, carbon neutral, bio-based or microalgae-based transport fuels are necessary for environmental protection and economic sustainability. Microalgae are a significant source of renewable biodiesel because of their ability to produce oils in the presence of sunlight more efficiently than that of crop oils. This review will provide the background to understanding the bottlenecks and the need for improvement in the cultivation or harvesting process for oleaginous microalgae.
Single crystals of γ-glycine have been grown from aqueous solution in the presence of small amount of strontium chloride. Single crystal X-Ray diffraction analysis was used to measure the unit cell parameters and to confirm the crystal structure. The grown crystals have also been subjected to powder X-Ray diffraction study to identify the crystalline nature. The presence of all the functional groups of the γ-glycine has been confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis. The presence of hydrogen and carbon in the glycine molecules was confirmed by using proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses. Optical behavior of the crystal was studied using UV -Visible absorbance spectroscopy and second harmonic generation (SHG) studies. The SHG efficiency of γ-glycine is greater than that of standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Mechanical strength of the γ-glycine crystal has been determined by microhardness studies. Thermal stability of the grown crystal is probed using thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Laser damage threshold value has been determined using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm and with 13 ns pulse width in single shot mode.
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