This study evaluates the effects of seed osmoconditioning on germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Seeds were osmoconditioned in polyethylene glycol 8000 with water potentials ranging from 0 to -1.4 MPa for 48 hours. Osmoconditioning for this crop at -1.1 MPa resulted in a 35% germination increase after 48 hours under optimum (15/25C) germination conditions. This promotive effect was observed until 104 hours for percentage germination and root growth and 118 hours for shoot growth. Rate of seed germination and seedling root growth of osmoconditioned seeds also was enhanced when seeds were placed under suboptimum germination temperatures of 5, 10, and 15C. These results suggest that while osmoconditioning enhanced initial germination rate and seedling root growth under laboratory conditions, it did not do so under prolonged favorable conditions. However, the promotive effects of osmoconditioning were more beneficial when seeds were exposed to less favorable germination conditions.
This study shows an effective but simple method of conserving characterised populations through seed germination modification and treatment with plant growth regulators. It is tolerant to cold temperature, as would be expected of a Northern Himalayan plant, but not tolerant to dry conditions. Podophyllum hexandrum seed dormancy has been considered to be a major constraint and most of the earlier reports recommended dormancy breaking pretreatments such as chilling, gibberellic acid (GA3). However, in this study, we showed that the pre-treatment of seeds with IAA, IBA and GA3 plant growth regulators at high altitude (Leh -Ladakh) to analyse the effects on germination percentage of seeds and morphological characteristics of the treated seeds over control seeds. The pre-treatment helps the seeds to give high germination percentage than control seedlings. The treated seedling showed a high degree of growth especially the seedlings treated with GA3. These seedlings in the greenhouse showed very prominent growth in height and leaf as compared to the control seedling plants.
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of physico-chemical parameters and soil macro-nutrients to know the nutrient uptake status during sowing time (ST) and after the harvesting (AH) of crops of Leh-Ladakh. In this context, total 55 no. of soil samples were collected from the eleven villages. Thereafter, soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were analyzed as per the standard methods. The results exhibited variation in different studied parameters at ST and AH, are OC (ST- 1.70 ± 0.11; AH-2.31±0.08), N (ST- 171.54±11.40; AH- 212.03±13.18), P (ST- 75.62±8.16; AH- 96.32±11.56), pH (ST- 8.12±0.05; AH- 8.16±0.06), EC (ST- 0.48±0.04; AH- 0.58±17), TDS (ST-309±22.41; AH-189±16.42) and soil texture gradient (Sand: ST-75.16±1.27 & AH-71.75±1.26, Silt: ST- 18.55±1.09 & AH- 20.66±1.02 and clay: ST- 6.33±0.53 & AH- 7.76±0.63). The comparison of physico-chemical parameters, macronutrients, soil texture, and organic carbon at sowing time (ST) and after harvesting (AH) revealed significant difference in some macronutrients, EC, and organic carbon, whereas no changes were observed in soil texture, pH and phosphorus. Hence, this study highlights the need of physico-chemical parameters management during crops sowing for enhancing macronutrients availability to crops in trans-Himalayan high altitude region.
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