A low-temperature and high magnetic field powder x-ray diffractometer (XRD) has been developed at UGC-DAE CSR (UGC: University Grant Commission, DAE: Department of Atomic Energy, and CSR: Consortium for scientific research), Indore, India. The setup has been developed around an 18 kW rotating anode x-ray source delivering Cu-K x-rays coming from a vertical line source. It works in a symmetric θ-2θ parallel beam geometry. It consists of a liquid helium cryostat with an 8 T split-pair Nb-Ti superconducting magnet comprising two x-ray windows each covering an angular range of 65°. This is mounted on a non-magnetic type heavy duty goniometer equipped with all necessary motions along with data collection accessories. The incident x-ray beam has been made parallel using a parabolic multilayer mirror. The scattered x-ray is detected using a NaI detector through a 0.1° acceptance solar collimator. To control the motions of the goniometer, a computer programme has been developed. The wide-angle scattering data can be collected in a range of 2°-115° of 2θ with a resolution of ∼0.1°. The whole setup is tightly shielded for the scattered x-rays using a lead hutch. The functioning of the goniometer and the artifacts arising possibly due to the effect of stray magnetic field on the goniometer motions, on the x-ray source, and on the detector have been characterized by collecting powder XRD data of a National Institute of Standards and Technology certified standard reference material LaB (SRM-660b) and Si powder in zero-field and in-field conditions. Occurrence of field induced structural-phase transitions has been demonstrated on various samples like PrSrMnO, NdSrMnO and LaPrCaMnO by collecting data in zero field cool and field cool conditions.
SUMMARYIn cases of anterior crossbite we need to disocclude the bite so as to initiate unrestricted pathway for the teeth to come into the arch. Various techniques have been advocated for this purpose but most of them are either costly, time consuming or not very effective. So, by the use of simple bondable Begg bracket and elastics we devised a method to disocclude the bite and help in correction of anterior crossbite. It is easy, economical, efficient and less time consuming.
BACKGROUND
Livestock industry is one of the important pillars for country economy. Sperm sexing has the potential of significantly improving the quality and quantity of production in the livestock industries. Over years several attempts, involving several different parameters of sperm cells, have been made to develop an efficient sperm sorting procedure. Till date, the only commercially available method for bovine sperm is flow cytometry. The disadvantages associated with this approach, however, points towards the need for developing a more non-invasive and cost efficient approach for separation of X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa. In this review paper, we attempt to highlight all the previously developed approaches, as well as other emerging immunological and proteomics based methods that might have the potential of being developed as a promising breakthrough approach for semen sexing. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and applications of semen sexing in India and around the world.
Introduction: Sagittal discrepancies are more commonly encountered in day to day practice. Angular and linear measurements have been incorporated into various cephalometric analyses to help the clinician for diagnosing this anteroposterior discrepancy.The purpose of the study was to assess sagittal skeletal discrepancy with Beta angle and to compare and correlate the Beta angle with angular measurements-ANB angle, AFB angle and with linear measurements -AO-BO, AF-BF and App-Bpp.
Materials and methods:Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 100 young adults (50 men and 50 women) were divided into skeletal Class I, II and III. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical software namely SPSS 11.0 and Systat 8.0.
Results:The results of the present study showed that the mean Beta angle is 32.54 ± 0.86. Significant negative correlation exists between Beta angle with other angular measurements (ANB angle, AFB angle) and with linear measurements (AO-BO, AF-BF and App-Bpp). Sex difference was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion:Increase and decrease of Beta angle from normal demonstrate skeletal Class III and Class II discrepancy respectively. There was negative correlation between Beta angle and other linear and angular measurements for assessing sagittal skeletal discrepancy.
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