Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a life-threatening complication of delivery. The most common cause of PPH is uterine atony. Intrauterine balloon tamponade has been suggested as an effective, easily administered minimally invasive treatment option to control uterine bleeding while preserving the mother’s ability to bear additional children.Methods: Twenty women with normal vaginal delivery were studied over a period of six months, 10 were inserted conventional balloon tamponade and rest 10 were inserted CG balloon and outcome studied in terms of time to assemble, leakage, expulsion, lumen occlusion, volume of fluid used, time to arrest bleeding, cost, drainage port, inflation deflation interval.Results: Most of the women were para 4 or more, unbooked belonging to age group of 20-30. Mean time to assemble Condom balloon tamponade was 1.8min and that in CG balloon was 1.2 minute. There was leakage and expulsion in two and lumen occlusion in three in the conventional balloon catheter. In the second group there was no leakage ,lumen occlusion or expulsion . There is uterine drainage port present in CG balloon which is characteristic of it which helps in determining the actual blood loss in real time. The inflation deflation interval and mean volume of fluid are almost same in both the groups.Conclusions: Both conventional balloon and CG balloon are effective and lifesaving in low resource setting with few advantages of CG balloon over conventional balloon tamponade.
Background: Transfers are very important in functional activities of subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI). The transfer assessment instrument (TAI) was the first tool to standardize the assessment of transfer technique. Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of TAI 3.0 in people with SCI in early rehabilitation phase. Methods: Thirty subjects with acute traumatic SCI were recruited from a tertiary care center for SCI management. Four raters assessed the quality of transfer using TAI 3.0 and a fifth rater used global assessment of transfer scale (VAS). TAI 3.0’s intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for intrarater and interrater reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), limits of agreement and concurrent validity was determined. Results: The intrarater ICC was 0.93 to 0.98 and interrater ICC was 0.99, indicating high levels of reliability. The SEMs among the raters for TAI 3.0 total was from 0.23 to 0.28. The MDC among the raters TAI 3.0 total was from 0.54 to 0.86. Correlation for different raters between the TAI 3.0 and VAS ranged between 0.88 and 0.90. Conclusion: TAI 3.0 is a reliable and valid tool to assess the transfer skill in individuals with SCI in early rehabilitation phase.
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