Shorter shelf life and faster deterioration of fruits after harvest are the major constraints with the peach production in the subtropical regions. Pre-harvest application of GA3 and chloride & nitrate of calcium were tried in a RBD experiment for enhancing peach fruit quality and reducing fruit deterioration during shelf life studies of five subtropical peach cultivars. At harvest fruit quality parameters viz. TSS, acidity, firmness etc. were influenced greatly by the treatments. Other physical properties of the fruit such as fruit weight, size and yield were not influenced much. Physiological weight loss during storage and the deterioration of other fruit characteristics were considerably lowered by calcium treatments. Foliar application of Calcium nitrate (1%) was found to be superior over calcium chloride (2%) for improving fruit quality and shelf life.
The present article discusses the effect of different irrigation levels and in situ moisture conservation on canopy temperature and water relations, viz. leaf water potential, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, leaf photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in kiwifruit cultivar Allison during the years 2011 and 2012 in Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. The kiwifruit vines were subjected to seven treatments, viz. irrigation at 80% FC (field capacity); irrigation at 60% FC; irrigation at 40% FC; irrigation at 60% FC plus mulching with grass; irrigation at 60% FC plus black polythene mulching; irrigation at 40% FC plus mulching with grass and irrigation at 60% FC plus black polythene mulching applied from March to October with three replications in randomized block design. The deficit irrigation treatments resulted in increased canopy temperature and stomatal resistance and decrease the leaf water potential, transpiration rate, leaf photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in the leaves of kiwifruit cv. Allison, whereas the application of mulches (grass and black plastic) along with deficit irrigation levels resulted in mitigation of the effect of deficit irrigation. Application of black plastic mulch along with irrigation at 60% field capacity was observed to be the best treatment as its effect nearly similar to that of standard irrigation.
Abstract:The five cultivars of kiwifruit viz., Allison, Hayward, Abbott, Monty and Bruno during the years 2011 and 2012 in the Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. Two irrigation treatments i.e. standard irrigation (at 80% field capacity) and deficit irrigation (at 60 % F C) were applied to these cultivars from March to October with three replications in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The leaf nutrient content (%) and frequency of irrigation (irrigation interval in days) were investigated in kiwifruit in response to these irrigation treatments. The leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) contents varied with cultivars under two irrigation regimes. The leaf N content and Ca content (%) was observed highest in cultivar Monty; P content in Allison; K content in Hayward; Mg content (%) in Abbott and Monty under standard irrigation treatment. These nutrient contents reduced significantly at 0.05 % level of significance with deficit irrigation treatment in different cultivars. The % reduction in these nutrients with deficit irrigation treatment was found to be highest in cultivar Hayward and the least in Bruno. The total number of irrigation applied under standard and deficit irrigation were 16 and 10 respectively, during both the years. The response of Bruno cultivar in terms of leaf nutrient content under water deficit condition is much better in comparison to all other cultivars. Bruno is considered to be drought tolerant cultivar and Hayward to be drought sensitive. Thus, the Bruno cultivar should be preferred for cultivation in water scarce regions.
The kiwifruit vines probably die more often because of water stress than any other problems. There is a need to screen out such cultivars which have potential to grow in water scarce areas. With this objective, the present investigation was carried out in the experimental area of Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni during 2011-2012. Two irrigation levels viz., Irrigation at 80% field capacity (standard irrigation-SI) and irrigation at 60% FC (deficit irrigation-DI) with four replications were given in five cultivars viz., Allison, Hayward, Abbott, Monty and Bruno. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design. The fruit quality characteristics were significantly variable among the cultivars and were also influenced by the irrigation levels. Under SI the fruit quality in terms of fruit weight, firmness and ascorbic acid content was found to be highest in cultivar Bruno among all these mentioned cultivars whereas, the titratable acidity under SI was found to be highest in cultivar Monty and least in Allison. The DI resulted in reduction in all these attributes and the percent reduction is found to be highest in cultivar Hayward and least in Bruno. The parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) and sugars were found to be highest in cultivar Allison and least in Monty under SI but the percent increase in these characteristics were found to be highest in cultivar Hayward and least in cultivar Bruno. The Bruno cultivar was found to be suitable under deficit irrigation and therefore, it should be preferred for cultivation under water scarce areas.
The effect of deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation in kiwifruit cv. Allison vines was studied during the years 2011 and 2012 in the Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP, India. Soil moisture content and frequency of irrigation were investigated in kiwifruit in response to deficit irrigation and in situ moisture conservation techniques. Seven treatments viz., irrigation at 80 per cent Field Capacity (T1), 60 per cent Field Capacity (T2) and 40 per cent Field Capacity (T3), 60 per cent Field Capacity (FC) plus grass mulch (T4) or black polythene (T5) and 40 per cent FC plus grass mulch (T6) or black polythene (T7) were applied from March to October with three replications in Randomized Block Design (RBD). During the year 2011, the soil moisture content under kiwifruit vines was highest under the treatment T1 (15.3, 16.9) , followed by T5 (15.2, 16.8) and T4 (14.9, 16.6) at 30 cm and at 60 cm soil depth, respectively. Whereas, during the year 2012, the soil moisture content under kiwifruit vines was highest under the treatment T1 (14.9, 16.4), followed by T5 (15.0, 16.3) and T4 (14.6, 16.1) at 30 cm and at 60 cm soil depth, respectively. However,the least soil moisture content was, however, observed under T3 (11.0, 12.8) at 30 cm and 60 cm soil depth , respectively, during the year 2011, similarly, during the year 2012, the least soil moisture content was also observed under T3 (10.6, 12.7) at 30 cm and 60 cm soil depth, respectively. The frequency of irrigation was highest under T1 (16 irrigations) followed T2 (10 irrigations) while the least was recorded under T6 and T7 (7irrigations). Total numbers of irrigations applied were reduced from 16 (under T1) to 8 (under T5). The use of black plastic mulch may be beneficial as it helped to conserve moistureunder DI regime which is comparable to those in well irrigated vines. It may also reduce the high irrigation requirement of kiwifruit in areas where sufficient water is not available.
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