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A comprehensive PPTCT programme with administration of antiretroviral therapy to the mother and infant, safe delivery practices, avoidance of breastfeeding, and close follow up, the incidence of PTCT can be reduced to negligible rates as seen in our study.

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A female neonate born at term, to 30 year old mother, with no antenatal risk factors or teratogenic exposure. On examination birth weight was 3 kgs, baby had moist, reddish mucosal groove extending from fourchette to anal verge. External genitalia were phenotypic female. No palpable mass in inguinal region or per abdomen. No dysmorphic features. Other systems were normal. Baby passed meconium and urine through normal orifices within first 24 hours.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):94-95

Tuberculin skin testing (TST) is one of the primary diagnostic modalities recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) study conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). Even after acceptance as a diagnostic modality and stern standardization, TST has its own flaws that include a spectrum of adverse reactions. We report a series of cases with a spectrum of adverse reactions occurring with a higher frequency than present in the available evidence. The study has some demerits such as being a retrospective one with interobserver variation and lack of histopathological confirmation. The observation is presented to accentuate the fact that adverse reactions are not a rarity and that further studies are required to establish the cause and exact incidence of the same.

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Celiac Disease is an immune mediated enteropathy, with wide spectrum of extra intestinal manifestation and rare autoimmune and syndromic associations. We report one such exclusive extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease with association of Turner syndrome.