Molecular characterization of the genotypes gives precise information about the extent of genetic diversity which helps in the development of an appropriate breeding program. A total of 16 microsatellite (SSR) markers distributed across the rice genome were used for molecular characterization and discrimination of 100 local landraces of rice. The molecular data revealed a total of 24 alleles in 100 rice accessions, The number of alleles per locus generated by each marker ranged from 1 to 5 alleles with the mean of 1.5 alleles per locus and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.387. This suggests that these markers could be potentially used for molecular characterization of rice accession from various sources. Microsatellite markers (SSR) are also used to detect the genetic similarity of accessions of rice under study. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.76-1.00 as revealed by UPGMA cluster analysis using the 16 SSR markers. A total of four distinct groups resulted at a cut-off similarity coefficient of 0.83 among the 100 rice accessions. Allelic variability among the SSR markers was high enough to categorize landraces and to catalogue the genetic variability observed for future use. The information about the genetic diversity will be very useful for proper identification and selection of appropriate parents for breeding programs, including gene mapping, and ultimately for emphasizing the importance of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in rice improvement.
: 100 local landraces of rice from Bastar plateau of Chhattisgarh state along with five check varieties were studied for genetic diversity on the basis of nineteen quantitative characters using Euclidian distance between genotypes. This analysis allowed the 105 genotypes of rice to be identified into ten distinct clusters. Among the different clusters, cluster III contained maximum of 46 genotypes and cluster I, II and X contained a minimum of 1 genotype each. Cluster I was characterized by highest mean value for number of effective tillers per hill, spikelet fertility and grain length breadth ratio. Cluster VII had highest mean value for harvest index. The cluster VIII was characterized by highest mean value for flag leaf length, panicle length, number of fertile spikelets per panicle and total number of grains per panicle. The cluster IX was characterized by highest mean value for grain yield per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, test weight and grain breadth. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and VIII while the lowest between III and IX. The lowest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster I, II and X while highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster IX. There is good scope to bring about genetic improvement in rice through hybridization and selection by crossing accessions from different clusters.
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