This Informational RFC describes Data Center TCP (DCTCP): a TCP congestion control scheme for data-center traffic. DCTCP extends the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) processing to estimate the fraction of bytes that encounter congestion rather than simply detecting that some congestion has occurred. DCTCP then scales the TCP congestion window based on this estimate. This method achieves high-burst tolerance, low latency, and high throughput with shallowbuffered switches. This memo also discusses deployment issues related to the coexistence of DCTCP and conventional TCP, discusses the lack of a negotiating mechanism between sender and receiver, and presents some possible mitigations. This memo documents DCTCP as currently implemented by several major operating systems. DCTCP, as described in this specification, is applicable to deployments in controlled environments like data centers, but it must not be deployed over the public Internet without additional measures.
We design and evaluate a lightweight route verification mechanism that enables a router to discover route failures and inconsistencies between advertised Internet routes and actual paths taken by the data packets. Our mechanism is accurate, incrementally deployable, and secure against malicious intermediary routers. By carefully avoiding any cryptographic operations in the data path, our prototype implementation achieves the overhead of less than 1% on a 1 Gbps link, demonstrating that our method is suitable even for high-performance networks.
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