This paper describes a mixed-signal electrocardiogram (ECG) system for personalized and remote cardiac health monitoring. The novelty of this paper is fourfold. First, a low power analog front end with an efficient automatic gain control mechanism, maintaining the input of the ADC to a level rendering optimum SNR and the enhanced recyclic folded cascode opamp used as an integrator for ADC. Second, a novel on-the-fly PQRST boundary detection (BD) methodology is formulated for finding the boundaries in continuous ECG signal. Third, a novel low-complexity ECG feature extraction architecture is designed by reusing the same module present in the proposed BD methodology. Fourth, the system is having the capability to reconfigure the proposed low power ADC for low (8 b) and high (12 b) resolution with the use of the feedback signal obtained from the digital block when it is in processing. The proposed system has been tested and validated on patient's data from PTBDB, CSEDB, and in-house IIT Hyderabad Data Base (IITHDB) and we have achieved an accuracy of 99% upon testing on various normal and abnormal ECG signals. The whole system is implemented in 180-nm technology resulting in 9.47-µW (at 1 MHz) power consumption and occupying 1.74-mm 2 silicon area.
Abstract-This paper presents a generic programmable analog front-end (AFE) for acquisition and digitization of various biopotential signals. This includes a lead-off detection circuit, an ultra-low current capacitively coupled signal conditioning stage with programmable gain and bandwidth, a new mixed signal automatic gain control (AGC) mechanism and a medically cohesive reconfigurable Σ∆ ADC. The full system is designed in UMC 0.18µm CMOS. The AFE achieves an overall linearity of more 10 bits with 0.47µW power consumption. The ADC provides 2 nd order noise-shaping while using single integrator and an ENOB of ∼11 bits with 5µW power consumption. The system was successfully verified for various ECG signals from PTB database. This system is intended for portable batteryless u-Healthcare devices.
This paper presents an ultra-low power analog front end (AFE) with ΣΔ modulator ADC meant for acquisition of biopotential signals. The system consists of a signal conditioning stage with programmable gain and bandwidth, a mixed signal automatic gain control (AGC), and a ΣΔ ADC. The full system is designed in UMC 0.18μm CMOS. The AFE achieves an overall linearity of more 10 bits with 0.47μW power consumption. The ADC provides 2 nd order noise shaping while using single integrator and an ENOB of ∼12 bits with 1.4μW power consumption. The system was successfully tested for a ECG signal from PTB database.
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