The constructing laborers are mainly unskilled, untrained, migrant, socially backward, and uneducated with low bargaining power. Thus, we assessed the knowledge and prevalence on occupational safety and health (OSH) of laborers working at private constructing sites. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 229 laborers working at private constructing sites selected by 30 cluster sampling methods from the Lalitpur metropolitan city and Mahalaxmi municipality was conducted using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. EpiData and SPSS were used for data analysis. Most of the laborers (62%) had inadequate knowledge on OSH. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with sex, education, and family type at 95% CI ( p value < 0.05). The prevalence of occupational accidents within a year was 19.7% and was significantly associated with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at 95% CI ( p value < 0.05). About one-fifth of the participants had occupational accidents within a year because of the inadequate knowledge of OSH.
In the account of the social nature of human beings, the given difficult circumstance due to COVID-19 may call upon social loneliness, emotional loneliness, and moreover, lack of perceived social support. We aim to elucidate by assessing the level of loneliness and the level of social support perceived by college students amidst the COVID-19 lockdown. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 970 Nepalese undergraduate students. Responses were extracted, cleaned, and analyzed with the help of R-studio (version 1.2.5033). Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation described participants’ demographic characteristics. Karl Pearson’s Correlation analysis and significant test of correlation for loneliness, social support, and their various subscales, respectively were significant at 0.1%, 1%, and 5% level of significance. The mean age of respondents was 22.2 years (SD =2.74). Significant correlations were observed among social loneliness, emotional loneliness, overall loneliness (social loneliness and emotional loneliness combined), social family support, social friends support, social significant others support, and total social support (that is to say, all the social support subscales). The study reported that a decrease in social support leads to an increase in loneliness. Likewise, a decrease in social support from family, friends, and from significant others can increase emotional and overall loneliness.
It is great time to know the psychological consequences and know how hoteliers are coping to it because of Covid19 lockdown. Thus we tried to access prevalence of perceived stress and associated factors among hoteliers of Nepal. A hotel based quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a structured questionnaire cum interview schedule. The data was recorded in Microsoft Excel sheet, and was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. A descriptive analysis was done using mean, frequency, percentage and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was done using Mann-whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test as the data were non-normal. Significance level was observed at p-value less than 0.05. There was significant relation between stress score and variables like age, gender, marital status, smoking, alcohol, bread winner, sound sleep, family conflict, too many responsibilities, pay loans, pay rent of hotel, other source of income, paying salary, happy with government, lockdown only solution, economic problem and social problems. (p -value <0.05) Male had significantly higher stress than female. Similarly married participants showed significantly higher stress than unmarried. Stress level has been increased among the hoteliers of Nepal due to covid19 lockdown and has affected the tourism sector very badly.
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