Inflammation of the appendix determines the type of hernia repair and surgical approach. Incidental appendicectomy in the case of a normal appendix is not preferred.
Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare and locally aggressive mesenchymal tumour, predominantly occurring in women of reproductive age group. The term aggressive is attributed to the infiltrative nature and frequent local recurrences. They arise commonly from the vulvovaginal region, perineum or pelvis and are usually misdiagnosed as other common entities in these regions. Radiological investigations aid in the diagnosis and planning of surgery. However, the final diagnosis in most of the cases is established by histopathological examination. We herein report a case of a middle-aged woman presenting with recurrent large right vulvar mass highlighting the surgical challenges posed by its intrapelvic extension.
Breast cancer accounts for the highest number of cases of cancer in females worldwide including India. Triple negative breast cancer is a very aggressive and heterogeneous variant of breast cancer. They present early in young females with large sized lumps, high histological grade, and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. They have increased tendency to metastasize with frequent relapses. It forms a large proportion of breast cancer patients in India and its tumor biology and behavior is poorly understood. There is lack of a hormonal or targeted therapy due to absence of hormone receptors with early recurrences despite of timely medical and surgical intervention. This review provides a general overview and understanding of the triple negative breast cancer and the future challenges it poses in Indian scenario.
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