Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Alarming Burden and Future Challenges in Indian Perspective

Abstract

Breast cancer accounts for the highest number of cases of cancer in females worldwide including India. Triple negative breast cancer is a very aggressive and heterogeneous variant of breast cancer. They present early in young females with large sized lumps, high histological grade, and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. They have increased tendency to metastasize with frequent relapses. It forms a large proportion of breast cancer patients in India and its tumor biology and behavior is poorly understood. There is lack of a hormonal or targeted therapy due to absence of hormone receptors with early recurrences despite of timely medical and surgical intervention. This review provides a general overview and understanding of the triple negative breast cancer and the future challenges it poses in Indian scenario.

Expression of p53 and p16 in Carcinoma Breast Tissue: Depicts Prognostic Significance or Coincidence

“…Sen S et al [ 7 ], Rao C et al [ 8 ], also mentioned the more or less similar findings. In a review study done by Jha PK et al had mentioned that TN breast cancer is seen associated with bad prognosis and requires further research [ 18 ]. In the present study, p16 was seen insignificantly correlated in 16.8% of the cases whereas p53 showed expression in 3.8% only.…”

"Overexpression of PTGS2/COX-2 (Prostaglandin– Endoperoxidase Synthase-2) Gene Induces Angiogenesis, Metastasis and Invasion in TNBC (Triple-Negative Breast Cancer) In Vitro Cell Lines by Overexpressed Fzd-6 (Frizzled Class Receptor) Wnt/ Ca++ Signaling Pathway"

“…Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women accounting for 27.7%with 1,62,468 newly detected cases and 87,090 deaths in 2018. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) prevalence in India varies between 27 to 35% of total breast cancer [1]. TNBC refers to a subgroup of breast cancer identified by the lack of ER (Estrogen Receptor), PR (Progesterone Receptor) & HER (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor).…”