Graph signal processing (GSP) studies graphstructured data, where the central concept is the vector space of graph signals. To study a vector space, we have many useful tools up our sleeves. However, uncertainty is omnipresent in practice, and using a vector to model a real signal can be erroneous in some situations. In this paper, we want to use the Wasserstein space as a replacement for the vector space of graph signals, to account for signal stochasticity. The Wasserstein is strictly more general in which the classical graph signal space embeds isometrically. An element in the Wasserstein space is called a distributional graph signal. On the other hand, signal processing for a probability space of graphs has been proposed in the literature. In this work, we propose a unified framework that also encompasses existing theories regarding graph uncertainty. We develop signal processing tools to study the new notion of distributional graph signals. We also demonstrate how the theory can be applied by using real datasets.
Software testing is the process of evaluating a system or its modules in the intent to find that the software is acquiring the efficient requirements or not. In simple words testing is the execution of the system in order to find their gaps, ambiguity and inconsistency. Software testing comprises into three factors: test case generation, test cases execution and test cases evaluation. This paper implemented a semantic approach for the generation of test cases on UML model i.e., Activity Diagram. In this approach an Activity diagram is created then it automatically generated a Activity Dependency table (ADT) from Activity diagram. From the ADT an Activity Dependency Graph (ADG) is introduced. Finally After the automatic generation of ADG a consistent test case are generated. This approach includes the validation of the test cases by their consistency and efficiency. This approach saves the cost, time, efforts and increases the quality of generated test cases.
AIM:To report an atypical and misdiagnosed case of optic neuritis in a young female. METHOD: 26 year healthy female was referred to the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Amritsar with the diagnosis of angle closure glaucoma both eyes. Patient was on 2% pilocarpine eye drops q.i.d and tablet acetazolamide 250 mg BD. On examination, visual acuity was 2/60 OD and 1/60 OS. Near vision was 6/36 OU. There was no circumcorneal congestion OU, no corneal edema OU, though anterior chamber was shallow OS >OD with pin pointed non-reacting pupil OU. IOP 14.6mm Hg OD and17.3mm Hg OS. Gonioscopically open angle grade 2. IOP and gonioscopy were repeated after pupil dilatation with tropicamide, findings were consistent with the previous ones. Fundoscopy showed bilateral disc edema with hyperemia and normal foveal reflex. Color vision was defective .Low vision prevented a conclusive perimetry. ONTT protocol was given, on the basis of decreased visual acuity, abnormal color vision, headache, disc changes, open angle and a normal MRI. Patient's vision improved to 6/6 OD 6/9 OS in thirteen days. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral optic neuritis is rare and an atypical presentation can be misdiagnosed as angle closure glaucoma in presence of severe headache, OU visual loss and shallow anterior chamber. KEYWORDS: Misdiagnosed, bilateral, optic neuritis, young female. INTRODUCTION:Optic neuritis, or primary inflammation of the optic nerve, is referred to as papillitis when the optic disc is swollen, retrobulbar neuritis when the disc appears normal and neuroretinitis when inflammation of optic nerve is associated with retinal inflammation. The most common form of optic neuritis is acute demyelinating optic neuritis. The annual incidence of optic neuritis, as estimated in population-based studies, is approximately 3-5 per 100,000 per year.The majority of patients who develop optic neuritis are between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Women are affected more commonly than men. In most cases, the pathogenesis of optic neuritis is inflammatory demyelination, whether or not MS is diagnosed clinically. Sub-acute or acute visual loss, periocular pain or pain on eye movements and unilateral involvement are typical findings.
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