Hydrogel beads are emerging as alternate adsorbent material for the batch or continuous column treatment of dye wastewater. Polysaccharide-based gel beads are preferred for their uniform shape and size, large specific surface area, and easy separation by filtration and subsequent reuse. In this work, we prepare and rheologically characterize UV-active κ-carrageenan/TiO 2 beads for the adsorption and degradation of dyes. The 3-4 mm sized nanocomposite beads are formed by the extrusion of κ-carrageenan/TiO 2 gel solution in salt solutions. The maximum increase in modulus was observed with the addition of 1% w/v TiO 2 to κ-carrageenan and subsequent crosslinking with mixed salt of KCl and CaCl 2 . κ-carrageenan/TiO 2 beads crosslinked by mixed salt of KCl and CaCl 2 have higher adsorption capacity, as compared to beads crosslinked with single salt of KCl. The kinetic study indicated the chemisorption of Methylene Blue on the bead surface. κ-carrageenan/TiO 2 beads showed higher degradation for Methylene Blue and Nile Blue A than Rhodamine B in 5 and 50 ppm each multicomponent dye systems under UV irradiation. The κ-carrageenan/TiO 2 beads could form a porous column for the selective adsorption of positively charged dyes from a multicomponent dye system.
In this paper we have presented the model of clustering using Heartbeat and implemented with Virtualized environment. . For making a machine to be virtualized, the hardware must endow with virtualization capabilities we believe that we understand what makes the websites unreliable; the key to build a more reliable website is to make a cluster. Clustering is typically transparent from the clients as well as developers, perk up the system availability to the online users , as the failed server will automatically pack up and the users will automatically switched at that particular instant to the another server. Heartbeat is an open source portable tool for clustering.
Virtualization is the concepts by which we can easily run the multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine by sharing the resources .By using the concept of virtualization the "unsigned" memory which is waste also utilize [1].If we are not having the different machines so we can easily adopt the concept of virtualization by which we create the virtual machine. In the Linux kernel managing a RAM optimally is a long -solved problem [2]. In this paper we are implementing the concept of virtualization and the lamp server for which it is easy to run the n number of guest on virtual machine ,with the help of the Apache web server we can secure our web site by intrusion attacks and also apply the authentication on that .Once we have DNS correctly setup and our server has access to the internet we'll need to configure the apache to accept surfers wanting to access our website .These configuration maintains any existing resolution to an Internet Service Provider (ISP).And in this paper the main approach is for the college student who are in a dorm room with the limited Ethernet jacks and router they can easily solve their problem with this approach .
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