Background: Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) occurs due to reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus within the gasserian ganglion involving the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. HZO often has a chronic course with significant ocular morbidity as eye is considered potentially serious of all sites of herpes zoster owing to its delicate nature. Purpose:1. To study the mode of presentation, ocular manifestations and complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) 2. To analyse the predisposing factors for the development of HZO. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was done in 20 patients who were clinically diagnosed with HZO in the outpatient department of ophthalmology over a period of one year. They were subjected to a detailed general and ocular examination and were treated medically with close follow up. Result: Advancing age was the most common risk factor. Acute neuralgia was the commonest presenting symptom (75%). Ocular involvement was seen in 16 patients with no bilaterality. Conjunctiva (60%) was the most common ocular structure involved followed by Cornea (45%). Anterior uveitis (20%) was complicated by haemorrhagic uveitis and orbital apex syndrome with total external ophthalmoplegia. Post herpetic neuralgia was the commonest complication seen. Conclusion: The potential manifestations of HZO are myriad. Development of serious inflammatory complications was associated with delay in therapy. Hence timely diagnosis and management are critical in limiting ocular morbidity
Uveitis is a group of complex inflammatory disorder of the uveal tract with diverse aetiology. The most common formis anterioruveitis affecting the iris and pars plicata of the ciliary body which can lead to severe vision threatening complications if not treated appropriately.Objectives: 1. To study the incidence, modes of presentation and etiological patternof anterior uveitis. 2. To evaluate the treatment, its outcome and the complications that could occur over the study period. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional clinical study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology in 30 patients who were clinically diagnosed with anterior uveitis over a period of one year. All the patients underwent adetailed ophthalmic evaluation and relevant laboratory investigations. They were givenappropriate treatment according to the cause and the clinical clues and were also followed up for anycomplication during the study period. Results: Anterior uveitis occurred most commonly in the 41 to 50 years age group. Majority of the cases had nongranulomatous inflammation (86%) but aetiology remained unknown in 30% of the cases. Herpetic infection (16%) was the commonest cause followed by phacolyticuveitis and tuberculosis. Most cases responded favourably to medical management. Conclusion: A balanced view of the disease needs to be taken while investigating and treating anterior uveitis. A thorough history and physical examination is required in each case to facilitate a final diagnosis. A timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment however can improve visual outcome.
Purpose: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, various manifestations have been reported, including ophthalmic symptoms, especially with the different mutations and variants that have occurred over the last few years. In view of this, our study was conducted to gauge the knowledge, attitude, and practices of patients toward the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational study. Patients who had tested positive for COVID-19 were asked to answer a detailed questionnaire about their knowledge of COVID-19 ophthalmic symptoms, their experience with the symptoms, and their attitude and practice toward the same. The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and the Chi-squared test was used to determine significant differences in the results among different demographic profiles. Results: Our study found that 82 (39%) of the 210 participants were aware that COVID-19 could present with symptoms in the eyes. A total of 47 participants had experienced eye symptoms of COVID-19. Among them, only 15 (31.91%) consulted and received treatment from an ophthalmologist or general physician for the same. Most of them (59.57%) did not seek any treatment, and 8.5% self-medicated or used non-allopathic forms of medicine. The most common symptom was redness of the eyes, reported by 57.44% of those who had eye symptoms. Conclusion: Most people were unaware of ocular manifestations of COVID-19 and most of those who were aware were medical professionals. Amongst those who developed symptoms, only a minority sought medical treatment.
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