Objective: In the current study, we have focused on the major secondary metabolite containing parts such as flower, leaf, and root for phytochemical extraction with three different solvent systems to make a comparative study against three virulent bacteria species which are capable of intestinal infection, pneumonia, skin infections, and food poisoning.Methods: Antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol, and chloroform extracts from bark, leaves and roots of Calotropis procera, was examined against three virulent bacteria species: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis using disc diffusion method.
Results:The ethanol extract of leaf showed significant activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition ranging from 14 to 20 mm for S. aureus. The ethanol extract of flower was effective against E. coli with maximum 18 mm. Ethanol extract of root showed significant activity against S. aureus. Methanol extract of leaves showed moderate activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition ranging from 14 to 20 mm. Methanol extract of root showed significant activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition ranging from 12 to 22 mm. Methanol extract of flowers showed activity against E. coli with a zone of inhibition ranging from 11 to 20 mm. The chloroform extract of leaves showed significant activity against S. aureus. Chloroform extract of flower showed activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 11 to 17 mm for S. aureus chloroform extract of root showed activity against E. coli with zone of inhibition ranging from 9 to 17 mm.
Conclusion:From the above study, it can be concluded that the activity of the plant extract may be due to the secondary metabolites or broadspectrum antibiotic compounds present in it.
Protein and isozyme markers were used to characterize 20 elite cultivars of ginger. Four different isozymes (acid phosphatase, esterase, peroxidase and polyphenolic oxidase) were analyzed to assess the genomic relationship among 20 varieties of ginger. Buffer soluble protein was isolated and resolved in SDS-PAGE. A total of 108 types of proteins were resolved, out of which 33 were unique. A total of 85 bands were detected for 4 isozymes, among them only 3 were found to be unique. The dendrogram constructed based on pooled data (protein and isozyme) divided the varieties into two major clusters each containing 10 members, respectively. The varieties Singjhara and Waynad local were found to be the most closely related while Singjhara and Sleeva local were distantly apart. The present study gave an indication of usefulness of the isozyme and protein markers for genetic discrimination between different varieties of ginger. The result of the present investigation will help in future breeding program.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.