Summary Objectives To assess the socio‐demographic profile, pattern and treatment outcomes of pesticides poisoning. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at the department of emergency medicine of a South Indian tertiary care hospital for 1.5 years to study the pattern and outcomes of poisoning cases due to pesticides. Level of significance (P) <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 375 poisoning victims with intentional/accidental exposure to pesticides were followed up and documented. The male–female ratio was 1:0.32; mean age was 31.65 ± 13.10 years. 72% of cases were rural residents. Organophosphorus compounds were the most implicated pesticides. Mean Glasgow Comatose Score (GCS) of the patients was 12.22 ± 3.86. 80.3% of patients recovered while 6.4% died. About 13.3% patients were lost to follow‐up as they were discharged against medical advice (DAMA). Conclusion There was a statistical significance seen in the implication of pesticides for intentional poisoning with age, route of administration, area of residence and occupation of the victims. However, there was a strong association of the outcomes of poisoning with the toxic agent implicated for the poisoning.
Medical devices, being life-saving tools, are considered to be a boon for healthcare system. However, in addition to their therapeutic effects, there are several ill consequences that are caused by these devices. An effective cohort vigilant system was needed to manage such adverse effects. This had led to the introduction of materiovigilance. Materiovigilance is the study and follow-up of occurrences that arise as a result from the usage of the medical equipment. It not only manages adverse events (AE) but also creates harmonization among countries. Keeping these objectives in focus, the principles, perspectives, and practices with regard to materiovigilance that are followed in the USA, Europe, China, Japan, Australia, Canada, and India are being compared. Such a comparison is essential, which will help us to understand the gaps in the current regulatory systems in the above-mentioned countries and furthermore will provide a comprehensive picture to the regulatory authorities to amend any existing laws if required. These amendments may ensure optimal patient safety by providing them a benign experience from the use of medical devices.
: In December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (also 2019 nCoV) was first discovered. Later WHO declared that SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The round, elliptical or pleomorphic shape of the 2019-nCoV is 60–140 nm in diameter. It comprises a single stranded genome of RNA that comprises 29891 nucleotides, a lipid shell and spike protein, envelops membrane, and hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) proteins. Several therapeutic approaches have been proposed to combat with this disease as this disease became global pandemic. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine could be another approach and at present it is the only TB prevention vaccine approved. Both TB and COVID-19 causes severe pneumonia. In this review, we have tried to correlate the pathophysiology of both these disease condition. . In this review, we also have shown the history and current BCG practice throughout the world and it is hypothesized that the countries which strictly maintained and made mandatory call to recommend BCG vaccination are relatively less affected by COVID-19 pandemic. When BCG is exposed to a subsequent viral infection, it is allowed to lead to cross-reactive T cell responses which result in increased activity of Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + and Cluster of differentiation (CD) 8 + T cells and this may be a ray of hope in treating the SARS infection.
With the growing world, the human mind has grown too much with its own complexities. Gone are the days where people used to express themselves through speech or by verbal contact. Now, the era of social media has brought an interface to the world where they can convey their opinions as well as their inner most thoughts through various social networks. People are more comfortable to express their emotions on these social media rather in the real world. This all has led to the need of Sentiment analysis. It has a major role in detecting stress in humans and how surrounding environment is affecting the population of the world. The project analyses the stress among people through tweets. Self-report questionnaires face to face interviews wearable sensors is the main basis of psychological stress that is caused traditionally. The project covers all possible aspects of interactions on social media. Firstly, by fetching tweets from twitter dynamically based on keyword entered by user and segregating them into positive, negative and neutral categories using Naive Bayes algorithm. Secondly, performing sentiment analysis on a dataset containing movie reviews and thirdly, on a very large dataset containing 5 million tweets using Hadoop and an added algorithm of logistic regression for improved performance and efficiency. The entire project was carried out using a distinct step by step procedure consisting of data collection, data cleaning, training of data, data modelling, algorithm application and visualization. Experiments were conducted on an extensive basis to verify the superior theory algorithms and credibility of the project.
Aim: Analysis of the percentage price differences among the widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs available on the Indian retail market and under the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) or the Jan Aushadhi scheme. Materials and Methods: The prices of frequently prescribed various antihypertensive brands were collected and organized by using latest Monthly Index of Medical Specialties. The price of 1 dosage form in INR of each brand was extracted. Based on the price of various brands, average price of each drug was calculated and compared with the price of PMBJP drugs. Additionally, literature review was performed to place the results in perspective. Results: The prices of prescribed antihypertensive medicines were analyzed and compared with PMBJP drugs. In monotherapy, Metoprolol 25 mg showed a maximum price difference of 89.08%; in combination therapy, Ramipril 5 mg plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg indicates maximum price difference of 90.76%. In addition, Telmisartan 40 mg demonstrate 88.59%, Ramipril 5 mg plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg demonstrate 90.76%, Ramipril 5 mg plus Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg and Amlodipine 5 mg indicates 90.38% price variation in one treatment course based on the grading of hypertension. Further, on literature review 11 relevant articles were found which were consistent with the results of this study. Conclusion: The results of our study show huge differences between the prices of PMBJP drugs and branded drugs available in India. It suggests that moving towards PMBJP drugs may lessen the financial strain on the patients and their caregivers. The prescriber should make an informed decision and choose the cheaper antihypertensive drugs to lessen the financial burden on the patient leading to maximum patient adherence.
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