Background and aims: Retrosternal goiter (RG) is defined as a thyroid mass of which more than 50% is located below the thoracic inlet. It can give rise to various compression symptoms like dyspnea and dysphagia, which necessitate the need for surgery. The aim of this study is to review the management of patients with retrosternal extension of goiter through a neck collar incision without sternotomy with minimal morbidity at a tertiary care center. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 224 patients who underwent thyroid surgery between January 2014 and August 2018, in
A 21-year-old male presented with swelling in right medial canthus for 5 months. The swelling was soft to firm, nontender and immobile, measuring 2.5 cms x 1.5 cms. On local examination surface was nodular on medial part without redness, scar or puncta. The nodule was seen extending superiorly up to the level of medial end of the right eyebrow, inferiorly to 5 mm below the level of right lower eyelid, medially close to the midpoint of the nasion and laterally upto the medial canthus of right eye till the right eyebrow [Figure 1]. With a preliminary diagnosis of dacryocystocele, further investigations were ordered. Ewing sarcoma is a small round cell malignant neoplasm, considered to be of neuroectodermal derivation. It is relatively uncommon accounting for 6%-8% of primary malignant bone tumours and the second most common sarcoma in bone and soft tissue in children. 1 James Ewing reported a round cell neoplasm in the radius of a 14-year-old girl in 1921. Angervall and Enzinger in 1975 described the first Ewing's Sarcomas arising in soft tissue (extraskeletal ES). Seemayer et al and Askin et al described malignant small cell tumours arising in the soft tissues having histologic features similar to peripheral neuroectodermal tumours (PNET), but with unique clinico-pathologic profile. With the advent of immunohistochemical, cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques, these tumours are universally regarded to represent ends of a morphologic spectrum known as ES/PNET family of tumours. 2 Ewing Sarcoma (ES) has both skeletal and extraskeletal forms. 3 The extraskeletal form usually occurs in the soft tissues of lower extremities, paravertebral tissues, chest wall and retroperitoneum. 4 Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the head and neck region is extremely rare and accounts for only 4%-9% of all Ewing Sarcomas with a slight male preponderance. 2,5 Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma in the sinonasal tract is so rare that only a few case reports have been published in the world literature. 5
Background: Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is considered as a rare, benign vascular lesion that mainly affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck region, but is rare in the oral cavity. Its etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear and its diagnosis is based on the histopathological findings. Here we report a case of ALHE showing a swelling in the oral cavity mucosa. Case description: A 24-year-old female presented to our outpatient department with the complaints of a painless swelling in the oral cavity on the right cheek since 1 month. The patient underwent excision of the swelling intraorally, and diagnosis of ALHE was made based on the histopathological findings of a chronic inflammatory infiltrate admixed with proliferating blood vessels. Conclusion: ALHE is rare in the oral cavity mucosa and can present a diagnostic dilemma. Clinical significance: ALHE should be considered as a differential diagnosis of a submucosal swelling in the oral cavity and complete excision of the swelling helps in both diagnostic and definitive treatments.
INTRODUCTION: One of the major components of the commensal microbial flora, which is being frequently used as probiotics in the intestinal tract of humans, is Lactobacilli. It exerts health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition, and its role in increasing the immunomodulating capacity of the host is widely accepted. In the treatment of allergic diseases, the beneficial effect of probiotics has been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to observe the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the symptoms of nasal allergy. METHODS Total 50 patients suffering from Allergic Rhinitis (AR) were administered with probiotics for a period of six weeks post which the VAS and IgE scores of the symptoms (Rhinorrhea, Sneezing, and Nasal obstruction) were statistically analyzed. The pre and post treatment VAS and IgE scores were collected and analyzed. RESULTS It showed that there was a reduction in the scores after the administration of probiotics. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study demonstrated the presence of significant improvement in the VAS and IgE scores among the following nasal symptoms - Rhinorrhea, Sneezing, and Nasal obstruction with the administration of probiotics in the patients suffering with AR. KEYWORDS Allergic rhinitis, probiotics, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sneezing.
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