In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the various parameters of consumption indices in relation to the different concentration of cholesterol supplementation during 4 th instar silkworm of FC1XFC2 and FC4XFC3 hybrids. The food consumption comprises the ingesta and digesta during 4 th instar showed the level of ingesta was significantly higher compare to digesta in all the cholesterol treated batches in all 4 days, but on 4 th day the rate of food consumption represents the highest rate of ingesta in the selected hybrids. Similarly the approximate digestibility was maintained ranging from 50-85% in cholesterol treated batches, whereas the efficiency of conversion of food ingested and efficiency of conversion of food digested were low ranging from 5-38% in FC1XFC2 and FC4XFC3 silkworm hybrids. The consumption index and coefficient of metabolism are the two nutritional parameters indicates the maximum attainment ranging from 0.8-0.9 ratio in all the days in all the cholesterol treatment concentration, whereas the growth rate was constantly maintained during 4 th instar ranging from 0-0.05 throughout the instar in FC1XFC2 and FC4XFC3 hybrids. The pattern of changes in the ingesta and digesta of 5 th instar silkworm, but cholesterol supplemented during 4 th instar extended the above parameters ranging from 9-14g from first day to day seventh, whereas the digesta falls within a range of 9g during 5 th instar in both the hybrids. The efficiency of conversion of food ingested, efficiency of conversion of food digested and approximate digestibility of 5 th instar silkworm hybrids treated with three doses of cholesterol during 4 th instar a showed the magnitude of changes above the level of 50% in FC4XFC3 hybrid, but the FC1XFC2 represents less than level of 50% except 5 th day and 7 th day during 5 th instar. The consumption index, growth rate and co-efficient of metabolism were calculated during 5 th instar the ratio was ranging from 0-1 in all the three parameters except consumption index and coefficient of metabolism on 7 th day ranging from 6-7 and 2-3 on respectively on the last day of 5 th instar in FC1XFC2 and FC4XFC3 hybrids.
In the present study the amount of nitrogenous uric acid is found to be determined both in malpighian tubules and dry litter during fifth instar silkworm larvae. The PM X CSR2 multi-bi hybrid and FC2 X FC1 bivoltine double hybrid silkworm revealed positive response and consistent increase in the level of production of uric acid. The pattern of formation of uric acid in malpighian tubules of both the hybrids exhibits consistent level of increase in all the days of fifth instar; however, the quantum of uric acid is relatively more on the last two days of fifth instar silkworm larvae. The level of changes in uric acid content is comparatively higher than the Malpighian tubules in all the days of V instar silkworm of both the hybrids. The expression and manifestation of both the quantitative and qualitative traits of PM X CSR2 and FC2 X FC1 were recorded. The cocoon characters of FC2 X FC1 hybrid showed better in performance in the expression and manifestation compare to PM X CSR2 hybrid in cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio pre-monsoon. The filament length and filament weight are the qualitative parameters also reflected on par with the cocoon characters. The thickness of the filament is predetermined and reflected the quality of the silk. In FC2 X FC1 the denier is lesser than the PM X CSR2 which shows the denier is almost doubled. Finally, the quantum of cocoons required to produce one kg of raw silk is of almost 5.36kg whereas, the PM X CSR2 showed 8.28kg for the production of one kg of raw silk. In the present empirical analysis in relation to the uric acid content in dry excrement and malpighian tubules during fifth instar are carried out to understand the day to day changes in the chief nitrogenous waste product of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Foliar blight of wheat is mainly caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. syn. Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) have emerged as serious concern for cultivation of wheat in warmer and humid regions of the world. A study has been conducted at Department of Mycology and plant pathology, Institute of Agricultural sciences, BHU, Varanasi on in vitro evaluation of direct effect of garlic cloves and different botanical extracts viz garlic (Allium sativum L.) clove extract, ginger (Zingeber officinale L.) rhizome extract, neem (Azadiracta indica L.) leaves extract, onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb extract, tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) and marigold (Tagetus erecta L.) leaves extract were evaluated against foliar blight of wheat. The reduction in growth of the fungus measured to the difference in radius of the colony covered with cloves and kept uncovered exhibited 45% reduction in growth of B. Sorokiniana four days after the clove treatment and out of the six test botanicals, garlic clove extract showed complete inhibition of spore germination followed by ginger rhizome extract and neem leaves extract at the 5.0 percent concentration ( P=0.05).
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