Allium cepa (2n=16) assay is conducted to ascertain cytotoxicity of two most used hazardous chemotherapeutic drugs namely, cyclophosphamide (CP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (doses at much lower than pharmaceutical concentrations 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.250 and 0.500 g L 1 for 24 h) to ascertain possible Cytothreat of the drugs to the ecosystem on disposal, and in non-targeted cells of the host system. Mitotic aberrations encountered in both dividing (stickiness of chromosome, chromosomal disintegration(s), ring(s), laggards, bridges and tri-and multipolarity) and resting (cells with micronucleus, binucleate and giant cells, cells with cellular and nuclear deformities and anucleate cells) cells ranges from 0.00 to 33.04% and 3.49 to 7.55% respectively in CP treatments, and 0.00 to 21.24% and 0.00 to 6.07% in 5-FU treatments. Both the drugs induce similar aberration types; however, the effect is higher in CP than 5-FU. Result suggests that the chemotherapeutic drugs are clastogenic affecting spindle apparatus and cellular metabolism. The present study highlights the Cytothreat of the drugs and warrants safe dose application for ecological safety and non-targeted cells of the host system.
Allium cepa assay is performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of anti-cancerous drugs namely, Doxorubicin and Erlotinib. The doses administered are much lower than the pharmaceutical concentrations. The objective of the work is to determine the safe dose(s) of the drugs after disposal to the environment for eco-safety monitoring. Assessments of mitotic indices and cytological aberrations observed in dividing and resting cells to untreated control suggest that the doses employed are sub-lethal to lethal. Types of cytological abnormalities encountered in treated cells indicate that both the drugs are clastogenic (fragments, rings, bridges, and cells with micronucleus) apart from affecting the spindle apparatus (vagrant chromosomes and multipolarity) and cellular metabolism (stickiness of chromosomes and giant cells formation). The present results can be used as an index for safe dose(s) monitoring of the drugs for ecological safety.
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