A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of levodopa and carbidopa in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using a C18 reverse-phase column and a mixture of an aqueous phase (10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH4.0) and methanol (90:10 v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantitative analysis of levodopa and carbidopa was performed using a fluorescence detector at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and an emission wavelength of 310 nm. The method was linear between 5 and 500 ng/mL for both levodopa and carbidopa. The detection limits for levodopa and carbidopa were 0.30 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively, whereas the quantitation limit was 0.80 ng/mL for levodopa and 1.2 ng/mL for carbidopa. The method demonstrated good and consistent recoveries (99.63-100.80% for levodopa and 98.97-100.94% for carbidopa) with low interday and intraday relative standard deviation. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify levodopa and carbidopa simultaneously in a pharmaceutical formulation. The method was found to be precise, sensitive and accurate for the simultaneous determination levodopa and carbidopa in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
A free vortex is a region in which flow revolves around an axis line that requires a small head to form, about 0.7 m-2 m. In Gravitational water vortex turbine, water assuming to be non-rotational and inviscid passes through an open channel and enters the basin tangentially where it forms a powerful vortex. Then, the dynamic force of water is transmitted by the vortex to the turbine via mixed flow, impulse and reaction, phenomena. It can be a promising cheap and effective solution to compliment recent strives for renewable energy technologies. This paper deals with design and development of a prototype Gravitational water vortex turbine and analysis with computational and experimental methods. Initially, the computational method focuses on determining maximum tangential velocity of water achievable in the setup without turbine. And further computational analysis is carried out for the setup with turbine to determine performance characteristics by adjusting the runner heights in three positions. This computational study is validated by performing experimental testing by fabricating test rig. It showed best efficiency when runner was at lowermost portion of the conical basin.
A normal phase high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved using precoated silica gel aluminum plate G60 F254 and a mixture of acetonitrile/water/ammonia (30%) (8:1.4:0.4, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis of Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL was carried out using Camag TLC Scanner 3. The method was linear between 100 and 600 ng/spot for Artesunate, and 50 and 300 ng/spot for Amodiaquine HCL. The detection limit for Artesunate and Amodiaquine was found to be 25 and 12.5 ng/spot, respectively, whereas quantitation limit was 60 ng/spot for Artesunate and 30 ng/spot for Amodiaquine HCL. The method demonstrated good and consistent recoveries (98.07-99.88% for Artesunate and 99.28-100.94% for Amodiaquine HCL) with low inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviation. The validated method was applied successfully to quantify Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations. The method was found to be precise, sensitive, and accurate for the simultaneous determination Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
A high performance Liquid chromatographic method for quantification of trandolapril using UV detection was developed and validated. Trandolapril samples were analysed on Merck LiChroCART -RP C18 column (250x4.0, i.d.5 µm) and the mobile phase composition used for detection was combination of acetonitrile: methanol: phosphate buffer (0.025mM) pH3.0 (40:35:25)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The λ max used was 220nm with UV detection. The retention time of trandolapril by proposed method was found to be 2.750 ± 0.008 min. Peak area obtained were linearly related to concentration of drug in samples in range of 2.5-17.5 µg/mL having correlation coefficient of 0.999. The LOD and LOQ of trandolapril by proposed method was found to be 0.099 µg/mL and 0.300834 µg/ml respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for various parameters. The results for accuracy, precision and robustness were found to be within accepted limits.
The aim of study was to develop a suitable analytical method for simultaneous estimation of levodopa, carbidopa and 3-O-methyl dopa in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation of plasma samples was achieved using a reverse-phase C18 column. The mobile phase used consisted of a mixture of methanol and phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 3.50) in the ratio of 90:10 v/v. All analytes were estimated by electrochemical detection at +800 mV. The developed method has been validated as per the standard guidelines. Precision study results were found to be satisfactory, with percentage relative standard deviation for repeatability and intermediate precision <3.96 and 6.56%, respectively, for all analytes detected in rat plasma. The developed method in rat plasma was found to be simple, rapid, accurate, precise and specific. The proposed method has been successfully applied for analysis of rat plasma samples obtained during an oral pharmacokinetic study of sustained release pellets of levodopa and carbidopa in rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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