Background: In India, the population in the age of 10-19 years is currently estimated at 253.2 million, the largest ever cohort of young people to make a transition to adulthood. Nutritional anemia is one of most common micronutrient deficiencies in the world. It is most common in pregnant and lactating women, infants, preschool children and adolescent females. Iron deficiency anemia is a problem of serious public health significance. Present study was undertaken to assess the baseline data of prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adolescent females belonging to rural community in Dakshina Kannada.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among the adolescent female population in rural field practice area of Dakshina Kannada district from July 2012 to June 2013. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding socio demographic profile, health status and nutrition. Haemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software trial version 16.Results: The study comprised of 436 study participants, out of which majority (25.5%) were aged 14 years. The mean age was 14.02±2.57 years. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 72%. Moderate anemia, mild anemia and severe anemia was 68.5%, 28.3% and 3.2% respectively. Pallor was present among 69.72% of adolescent girls.Conclusions: This study showed high prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls and the major associated factors age, diet, menarche attained and presence of pallor. Hence, there is a need to address the anemia problem of the adolescent population.
Background: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer. India revised the pictorial warnings on all tobacco products in 2018, but its impact on tobacco consumers after the revision is less studied. Aim and Objective: To assess the awareness of the revised pictorial warnings on tobacco products and the impact of it on tobacco consumers in a coastal town. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st to 31st March 2021 among 185 adult tobacco consumers in a coastal town in Karnataka after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0 by descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Majority (95.7%) were males and 96.2% had seen the pictorial warning on the tobacco products. The commonly consumed tobacco products were panmasala (44.9%), gutka (38.9%), cigarette (31.4%) and bidi (15.1%). The mean age of initiation of consuming tobacco products was 24.8 years and mean duration of the habit was 17 years. Conclusions: A majority (96.2%) have seen the pictorial warnings on the tobacco products and significant predictors for reducing tobacco consumption were those who inferred the pictorial warnings as tobacco is injurious to health and cancerous.
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the non-communicable diseases, has become a major public health problem and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. The important CVD risk factors are obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. Cardiovascular risk approach is feasible and cost-effective tool, which helps to identify those at high risk for developing CVDs, so that immediate preventive measures or action can be taken to reduce the risk. Objectives: estimate the ten-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using Framingham heart risk assessment score. Materials and Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in a rural area of Dakshina Kannada District for a period of 6 months from July 2013 to December 2013. The data was collected using pretested semi structured questionnaire through interview methods. Anthropometric measurement and blood investigation (fasting blood sugar and lipid profile) was done. The Framingham Risk Score is a gender-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual Results: Among 712 study participants, 95 (13.3%) and 20 (2.8%) participants had intermediate and high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in 10 years respectively. The proportion of intermediate CVD risk prediction and high-risk predication was more in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and hypertension are widely prevalent among adults in rural areas. The high-risk prediction for developing CVD among study participants in next 10 years was 2.8%. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, Framingham risk score, 10 years CVD risk prediction, Prevalence
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