BackgroundAccurate and efficient RNA secondary structure prediction remains an important open problem in computational molecular biology. Historically, advances in computing technology have enabled faster and more accurate RNA secondary structure predictions. Previous parallelized prediction programs achieved significant improvements in runtime, but their implementations were not portable from niche high-performance computers or easily accessible to most RNA researchers. With the increasing prevalence of multi-core desktop machines, a new parallel prediction program is needed to take full advantage of today’s computing technology.FindingsWe present here the first implementation of RNA secondary structure prediction by thermodynamic optimization for modern multi-core computers. We show that GTfold predicts secondary structure in less time than UNAfold and RNAfold, without sacrificing accuracy, on machines with four or more cores.ConclusionsGTfold supports advances in RNA structural biology by reducing the timescales for secondary structure prediction. The difference will be particularly valuable to researchers working with lengthy RNA sequences, such as RNA viral genomes.

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In this paper, we have proposed a hybrid bio-inspired algorithm which takes the merits of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO). The proposed algorithm is referred as the hybrid WOA_APSO algorithm. We utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification purposes. Extensive experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. Here, pre-processing and segmentation are performed on 120 lung CT images for obtaining the segmented tumored and non-tumored region nodule. The statistical, texture, geometrical and structural features are extracted from the processed image using different techniques. The optimized feature selection plays a crucial role in determining the accuracy of the classification algorithm. The novel variant of whale optimization algorithm and adaptive particle swarm optimization, hybrid bio-inspired WOA_APSO, is proposed for selecting optimized features. The feature selection grouping is applied by embedding linear discriminant analysis which helps in determining the reduced dimensions of subsets. Twofold performance comparisons are done. First, we compare the performance against the different classification techniques such as support vector machine, artificial neural network (ANN) and CNN. Second, the computational cost of the hybrid WOA_APSO is compared with the standard WOA and APSO algorithms. The experimental result reveals that the proposed algorithm is capable of automatic lung tumor detection and it outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods on standard quality measures such as accuracy (97.18%), sensitivity (97%) and specificity (98.66%). The results reported in this paper are encouraging; hence, these results will motivate other researchers to explore more in this direction.

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