ESIPT-inspired benzimidazolyl substituted fluorescein dyes were synthesized. PH-sensitivity was determined by the photophysical property measured at a physiological possible pH range. Fluorescence quantum efficiency values were calculated independently at two different emissions. A rational relationship is defined between fluorescence quantum efficiency and calculated HOMO energy.
An efficient and mild protocol has been developed for the preparation of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles from reactions of aldehydes with o-substituted aminoaromatics in the presence of catalytic amount of Indion 190 resin. Short reaction time, ambient conditions, simple work-up procedure, high yield, easy availability, reusability, and use of an eco-friendly catalyst are some of the striking features of the present protocol.
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