The discharge of untreated wastewater in River Kshipra had brought annual average of BOD, TKN and TS levels up to 39 mg/l, 38 mg/l and 781 mg/l respectively in the study area. Treatment performance by Artificial Floating Reed Beds (AFRB) was evaluated for removal efficiency of TS, NH4-N, NO3-N, TKN and BOD from river water, initially, under a pilot scale by an AFRB of size 200 m2 planted with local reed grass, Phragmites karka, in the part of River Kshipra at the confluence with meeting point of a wastewater stream. The system performance was recorded as 43% reduction in TS, 38% reduction in TKN and 39% BOD reduction. The experimental AFRBs were buoyant structure planted with reed grass, each unit had a rectangular size and covered an effective surface area of 2 m2. The experiment with the mesocosms with treatment of River water resulted that AFRB was reducing pollution load by 55-60% of TS, 45-55% of NH4-N, 33-45% of NO3-N, 45-50% of TKN and 40-50% of BOD. AFRB may be recommended as an in-situ, eco-friendly river water treatment structures for small shallow, slow flowing (or slightly stagnant) water bodies.

Managing transmission congestion had been a major problem with growing competition in the power networks. Competitiveness emerges through the network's reconfiguration and the proliferation of secondary facilities. Congestion of transmission lines is a critical issue, and their regulation poses a technical challenge as the power system is deregulated. The present research illustrates a multi-objective strategy for reaching the optimal capabilities of distributed generators (DG) like wind power plants and geothermal power-producing plants to alleviate congestion throughout the transmission network. Goals such as congestion management during power delivery, power loss reduction, power flow improvement with the enhancement of voltage profile, and investment expenditure minimization are considered to boost the network's technological and economic reliability. The congestion management is achieved using the locational marginal price (LMP) and calculation of transmission congestion cost (TCC) for the optimal location of DG. After identification of congested lines, DG is optimally sized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a newly proposed technique that combines the features of modified IL-SHADE and PSO called hybrid swarm optimization (HSO) which employs linear population size reduction technique which improves its performance greatly by reducing the population size by elimination of least fit individuals at every generation giving far better results than those obtained with PSO. In addition, optimal rescheduling of generations from generators has been done to fulfill the load demand resulting in alleviation of congested lines thereby enhancing the performance of the network under investigation. The performance of the proposed methodology of HSO and PSO has been tested successfully on standard IEEE-30 & IEEE-57 bus configurations in a MATLAB environment with the application of MATPOWER power system package.

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-The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of lactobacilli in Churpi cheese, a traditional variety of cheese made from yak milk. Thirty-five lactobacilli isolated from five different samples procured from different parts of Arunachal Pradesh (India) were analyzed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The 16S rDNA sequencing for all the isolates was performed. Five different species of lactobacilli were isolated from Churpi cheese with the predominance of Lactobacillus paracasei followed by Lactobacillus plantarum. All the isolates were further evaluated for their technological properties such as citrate utilization, exopolysaccharide (EPS), bacteriocin, and acid production. Forty-three percent isolates were found positive for citrate utilization, while 14% were found good acid producer, and 11% for EPS production. Lactobacillus coryniformis was an uncommon species found in Churpi cheese. Isolates obtained in this study can be potentially used for the development of defined strain starter for Churpi cheese.Churpi cheese / Lactobacillus / 16S rDNA / yak Article published by EDP Sciences traditionnelle de fromage fabriqué à partir de lait de yak. Trente-cinq lactobacilles isolés de cinq échantillons différents obtenus de différents endroits d'Arunachal Pradesh (Inde) ont été analysés à l'aide de méthodes phénotypiques et génotypiques. Le séquençage de l'ADNr 16S de tous les isolats a été réalisé. Cinq espèces différentes de lactobacilles ont été isolées du fromage Churpi avec une prédominance de Lactobacillus paracasei suivi par Lactobacillus plantarum. Tous les isolats ont ensuite été évalués pour leurs propriétés technologiques telles que l'utilisation du citrate, la production d'exopolysaccharides (EPS), de bactériocine et d'acide. 43 % des isolats se sont avérés positifs pour l'utilisation du citrate, 14 % bons producteurs d'acide et 11 % producteurs d'EPS. Lactobacillus coryniformis, espèce rare dans le fromage, a été trouvé dans le fromage Churpi. Les isolats obtenus dans la présente étude pourraient servir au développement de levains de souches définies pour la fabrication de fromage Churpi.

Sex determination in domestic animals is of potential value to livestock breeding programs. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and accurate PCR-based sex determination protocol, which can be applicable to 6 major domesticated species of the family Bovidae, viz. Bos frontalis, B. grunniens, B. indicus, Bubalus bubalis, Capra hircus, and Ovis aries. In silico analysis was done to identify conserved DNA sequence in the HMG box region of the sex-determining region of the Y-chromosome (SRY gene) across the bovids. Duplex PCR assay, including the SRY gene and the GAPDH housekeeping gene, was optimized by using genomic DNA extracted from blood samples of known sex. It was possible to identify the sex of animals by amplifying both gender-specific (SRY) and autosomal (GAPDH) genes simultaneously in the duplex reaction, with the male yielding two bands and the female one band. The protocol was subjected to a blind test that showed a 100 percent specificity and accuracy, thus it can be used in sex determination in livestock breeding programs.

The theory of special connectivity [1] has been mathematically verified with the help of probability. With an example of tossing a coin, how consciousness manipulates probability has been discussed. Paper is based on a fact that the observer influences the observed.  .

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