Corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is associated with a reduction of the rebar diameter, loss of interfacial bond, cracking, and eventual spalling and probable collapse of the structure. The negative effects of corrosion on structural safety, durability, and longevity imposes significant costs on the national economy. Therefore, planned non-destructive testing (NDT) of concrete structures is essential to enhance the safety and economic sustainability of infrastructure. Previous work by the research group has established the capability of the ultrasonic Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) as a tool for detection of rebar corrosion. This work extends the previous research towards application of statistical learning for ascertaining the corrosion severity through analysis of SAFT images of the rebar. Using features extracted from images, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is implemented to classify the severity of corrosion damage to the rebar. The results from the research positively demonstrate the potential of the proposed technique as an enabler for decisions pertaining to maintenance and timely repair of concrete infrastructural assets.
The deterioration of concrete structures due to rebar corrosion is a key issue affecting the safety and service life of civil infrastructure. Reinforced concrete (RC) structures in coastal areas are subjected to harsh environmental conditions that cause rebar corrosion. From the perspective of safety, repair, and structural rehabilitation, it is essential to ascertain the level of corrosion severity and associated damage in RC structures through non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. In this study, the potential of pattern recognition techniques for ascertaining the severity damage at various stages of rebar corrosion in concrete samples was explored. A contact ultrasonic compressional wave transducer pair with 250 kHz centre frequency was used as source and reflected signals from the rebar were acquired using a tied-together scanning approach. To expedite the corrosion process in the laboratory, accelerated corrosion of the embedded rebar was employed. The synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) was applied to reconstruct the image of the concrete subsurface from the acquired B-scans. Two approaches, i.e., the Mahalanobis distance (MD) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were adopted; both methods correctly classified the level of corrosion severity and damage to the concrete. The developed pattern recognition techniques can, therefore, be potential tools for generating important information towards economical and timely repair of damaged concrete structures affected by rebar corrosion.
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