Objectives: There exists no study concerning gait pattern while engaging in dual-task activities on different sizes of mobile devices. The present study aimed to compare gait patterns during normal walking, walking with smartphone use, and walking with tablet use. Methods: Seventeen healthy female participants with an age range of 19-24 years (Mean±SD age: 20.29±1.61 years, weight: 49.82±4.46 kg, height: 156.59±4.87 cm, body mass index: 20.47±0.84 kg/m2, and leg length: 81.35±3.79 cm.) participated in the present research. The study subjects were requested to walk for 10 meters under the following conditions: normal walking; walking while typing a text message with a smartphone, and walking while typing a text message with a tablet. The Vicon® Three-Dimensional (3D) motion analysis recorded the motion of reflective markers attached to the study participant’s body. Gait parameters (step length, stride length, step time, stride time, step width, velocity, and cadence) were compared between the explored walking conditions. Results: The gait parameter of normal walking, compared with walking during smartphone use as well as tablet use were significantly different in the gait pattern (P<0.05). Using either a smartphone or tablet during walking presented decreased step length for legs, gait velocity, and cadence. However, there was an increase in the right leg’s step time and stride time. Moreover, there was no significant difference in gait patterns between walking during smartphone use and walking during tablet use (P>0.05). Discussion: Changes in gait pattern during walking while typing a text message with either a smartphone or tablet may lead to greater attention and concentration required to type the message; such actions resulted in decreased gait speed and step length.
Objectives: Computer usage has rapidly grown. This is because it helps to resolve problems, i.e., encountered in daily life by individuals. Various monitor screens that have been developed affect the user’s eyes. Screen size is one of the relevant impacts. Thus, this study compared the immediate effects of two computer screen sizes on visual fatigue in Video Display Terminal (VDT) users. Methods: Twenty female VDT users participated in this study. Using a randomized block design for the study, the study participants randomly drew a ballot to determine the order of using an 18.5-inch and 23-inch computer screen size. The research participants were assessed by a visual fatigue score, critical flicker frequency, and dry eye score before and after using both computer screen sizes. They were tested in an ergonomic computer workstation for 2 hours. Besides, where they rested between each workstation for ≥30 minutes or until presetting no eye fatigue symptoms. The relevant data were compared between before and after using the computers and between the two different screen sizes. Results: The collected results suggested no significant difference in the visual fatigue score, critical flicker frequency, and dry eye score between using either computer screen sizes (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in the visual fatigue score, critical flicker frequency, and dry eye score between before and after computer screen usage (P<0.05). Discussion: Using both computer screen sizes resulted in increased visual fatigue, reduced critical flicker frequency, and increased dry eyes. The present study results can provide information in determining how to reduce risk factors and prevent visual fatigue from continuous computer use for a long time.
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