The present study intended to determine potential trends in monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam during 1986-2015, based on observed daily rainfall data from 10 locations. The magnitude of the trends was estimated using Theil-Sen's slope method, while statistical significance of the trends was tested using Mann-Kendall rank statistics. Analysis revealed that mean annual rainfall varied from 1653.5 mm in Golaghat to 3676.9 mm in Gossaigaon, with variability in order of 13-32 per cent at different locations. Annual rainfall was found to decrease in all the 10 stations, with a significant decrease in Golaghat, Dhubri, Kamrup and Tezpur. On seasonal basis, premonsoon rainfall indicated increasing trends at Jorhat, Golaghat, Lilabari, Mohanbari, Beki and Tezpur during the study period. Conversely, rainfall during the monsoon season exhibited significant decreasing trends at Beki, Dhubri, Shillongoni and Tezpur, due to the corresponding significant decrease in July and September rainfall in the locations. Similar decreasing rainfall trends were also observed during post-monsoon season in all the stations. During winter, due to significant decrease in February rainfall, all the stations showed decreasing rainfall trends, with statistically significant values for Golaghat, Lilabari, Mohanbari, Kamrup, Shillongoni and Tezpur, as per Mann-Kendall rank statistics.
RFC 4762 describes a mechanism to remove or unlearn Media Access Control (MAC) addresses that have been dynamically learned in a Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) instance for faster convergence on topology changes. The procedure also removes MAC addresses in the VPLS that do not require relearning due to such topology changes. This document defines an enhancement to the MAC address withdraw procedure with an empty MAC list (RFC 4762); this enhancement enables a Provider Edge (PE) device to remove only the MAC addresses that need to be relearned. Additional extensions to RFC 4762 MAC withdraw procedures are specified to provide an optimized MAC flushing for the Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) VPLS specified in RFC 7041.
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